The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched a program known as “Development of PVTGs” to cater to the comprehensive socio-economic development of 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). This initiative is aimed at empowering the tribal community, which constitutes 8.6% of India’s total population. However, PVTGs are considered the most vulnerable among these tribal groups. The state governments, recognizing their unique needs, submit Conservation-cum-Development (CCD) plans based on their requirements. The provisions of the scheme stipulate that 100% grants-in-aid be extended to states.
Definition and Historical Background of PVTGs
In 1973, the Dhebar Commission introduced Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a distinct category, which included the less developed tribals. These groups were renamed as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in 2006 by the Government of India. The government began identifying the most vulnerable tribes and categorizing them under PVTGs in 1975. Initially, 52 such groups were categorized under PVTGs, and in 1993, an additional 23 groups were added. This led to a total of 75 PVTGs out of 705 Scheduled Tribes.
Characteristics of PVTGs
PVTGs are characterized by certain specific traits. These tribes are largely homogenous, with smaller populations and are relatively physically isolated. The absence of written language, simplistic technology, and a slower rate of progress are other defining features of PVTGs. Among the 75 identified PVTGs, the majority are found in Odisha.
Funding Challenges for PVTGs
PVTGs face a unique challenge when it comes to funding. More developed and assertive tribal groups often secure the lion’s share of tribal development funds, leaving PVTGs in need of more targeted assistance for their development. It is due to these factors and challenges that schemes such as ‘Development of PVTGs’ are critical for these vulnerable groups.
List of PVTGs in India
| State | Number of PVTGs |
|---|---|
| Odisha | 13 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 12 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 9 |
| Maharashtra | 7 |
| Karnataka | 6 |
The Role of Ministry of Tribal Affairs in PVTGs Development
The “Development of PVTGs” scheme implemented by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is a pivotal step towards increasing the socio-economic stability of this marginalized group. The plan is strategically aimed at providing comprehensive support to these communities through the Conservation-cum-Development (CCD) plans submitted by state governments based on the specific needs of each PVTG. To ensure the program’s effectiveness, each state receives 100% grants-in-aid as per the provisions of the scheme, providing much-needed financial resources for the upliftment of these particularly vulnerable tribal groups.