General Science - Basic Chemistry for UPSC Prelims
Basic chemistry concepts, facts and revision notes for UPSC Prelims general science.
Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry
Unit 2: States of Matter
Unit 3: Solutions and Mixtures
Unit 4: Atomic Structure
Unit 5: Periodic Table and Classification
Unit 6: Elements and Families
Unit 7: Chemical Bonding
Unit 8: Chemical Compounds
Unit 9: Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions
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Types of Chemical Reactions
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Chemical Equations
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Balancing Equations
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Combination and Decomposition Reactions
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Displacement Reactions
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Neutralization Reactions
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Redox Reactions
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Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
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Everyday Redox Reactions
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Combustion
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Photochemical Reactions
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Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
Unit 10: Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium
Unit 11: Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids, Bases and Salts
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Common Acids and Uses
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Common Bases and Uses
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Important Salts and Uses
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Acid-Base Indicators
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Universal Indicator
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pH Scale
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pH of Everyday Substances
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Strength of Acids and Bases
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Theories of Acids and Bases
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Hydrochloric Acid
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Sulphuric Acid
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Nitric Acid
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Organic Acids
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Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Hydroxide
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Common Salts
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Baking Soda and Washing Soda
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Bleaching Powder
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Plaster of Paris
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Buffer Solutions
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Water Hardness
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Antacids
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Acid Rain in Chemistry
Unit 12: Electrochemistry
Unit 13: Corrosion and Metallurgy
Corrosion and Rusting
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Methods of Corrosion Prevention
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Corrosion Resistant Metals
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Galvanized Iron
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Minerals and Ores
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Important Ores and Metals
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Metallurgy
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Ore Dressing
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Roasting and Calcination
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Smelting
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Flux and Slag
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Extraction of Metals
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Alloying
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Alloys
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Iron and Steel
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Stainless Steel
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Aluminium
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Copper
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Zinc
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Iron
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Mercury in Chemistry
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Silver and Gold
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Sodium and Potassium
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Calcium and Magnesium
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Precious Metals
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Industrial Minerals
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Recycling of Metals and Minerals
Unit 14: Organic Chemistry Basics
Unit 15: Alcohols, Fermentation and Everyday Organics
Unit 16: Fuels and Petrochemicals
Fuels and Fossil Fuels
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Coal and Coke
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Petroleum and Natural Gas
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Petroleum Fractions
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Refining
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Fractional Distillation
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Petrochemicals
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Lubricants
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Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene
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Octane and Cetane Numbers
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Biofuels in Chemistry
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Ethanol Fuel
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Hydrogen Fuel
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Coal Gasification
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Synthetic Fuels
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Rocket Fuels
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Explosives and Fireworks
Unit 17: Polymers and Plastics
Natural and Synthetic Polymers
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Natural vs Synthetic Fibres
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Plastics
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Plastic Identification Codes
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Common Plastics and Uses
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Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Plastics
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PVC and Bakelite
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Nylon and Rayon
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Polyester and Acrylic
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Teflon
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Kevlar
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Rubber and Vulcanization
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Synthetic Rubber
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Bioplastics
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Microplastics
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Plastic Recycling