Shubhanshu Shukla – India’s Second and World’s 634th Astronaut in Space

On June 26, 2025, Shubhanshu Shukla became the 634th astronaut to reach space. He arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) after a 28-hour journey. Shukla was welcomed by the Expedition 73 crew, marking milestone for India’s space programme. His journey is not just a personal achievement but also a representation of India’s growing presence in space exploration.

Background of the Mission

The mission involved Shubhanshu Shukla, Polish astronaut Slawosz Uznanski-Wisniewski, and Hungarian astronaut Tibor Kapu. All three astronauts were on their first voyage to space. The mission was part of Axiom Space’s efforts to expand human presence in low Earth orbit. The astronauts were welcomed with warmth and camaraderie by the ISS crew, emphasising international cooperation in space exploration.

Significance of the Journey

Shukla’s journey is a landmark event for India. It showcases the country’s advancements in space technology and its commitment to scientific research. The astronaut expressed pride in carrying the Indian flag, or “tiranga,” symbolising national pride and unity. His remarks brought into light the importance of collaboration in scientific endeavours and the excitement surrounding space exploration.

Experiments and Activities on ISS

During his 14-day stay, Shukla and his fellow astronauts will conduct various scientific experiments. These experiments aim to advance knowledge in fields such as biology, physics, and materials science. Interaction with people on Earth is also planned, encouraging public interest in space science and education.

Public Reaction and Support

In Lucknow, Shukla’s hometown, his family, friends, and community celebrated his achievement. The public’s enthusiasm reflects the growing interest in space exploration in India. The event was marked by a standing ovation, demonstrating the support for India’s space initiatives.

Future of Indian Space Exploration

Shukla’s mission is a stepping stone for India’s future in space. It paves the way for more astronauts and missions. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) continues to develop advanced technologies and partnerships for future explorations. This mission may inspire a new generation of scientists and engineers in India.

Conclusion

Shubhanshu Shukla’s achievement is a testament to India’s capabilities in space exploration. It embodies the spirit of innovation and collaboration. As India continues to grow in this field, the potential for future discoveries remains vast.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of human spaceflight missions on global scientific collaboration.
2. Explain the significance of India’s space programme in the context of international space exploration efforts.
3. What are the challenges faced by astronauts during long-duration space missions? Discuss with suitable examples.
4. What is the role of space exploration in advancing technology on Earth? How can these advancements benefit society?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of human spaceflight missions on global scientific collaboration.

1. Human spaceflight missions encourage international partnerships, as seen in collaborations like the ISS.
2. They enable shared resources and expertise, enhancing scientific research capabilities across nations.
3. Joint missions can address global challenges, such as climate change and health, through shared data and findings.
4. Human spaceflight inspires educational initiatives and public interest, promoting science and technology globally.
5. Such missions also encourage peaceful relations, as countries work together towards common scientific goals.

2. Explain the significance of India’s space programme in the context of international space exploration efforts.

1. India’s space programme showcases technological advancements, exemplified by successful missions like Mangalyaan and Chandrayaan.
2. It emphasizes self-reliance in space technology, contributing to global space capabilities.
3. India’s participation in international missions strengthens diplomatic ties and encourages collaboration in scientific research.
4. The programme aims to inspire future generations, creating a skilled workforce in science and engineering.
5. India’s growing presence in space exploration enhances its status as a key player in global scientific communities.

3. What are the challenges faced by astronauts during long-duration space missions? Discuss with suitable examples.

1. Astronauts experience physical challenges such as muscle atrophy and bone density loss due to microgravity.
2. Psychological stress from isolation and confinement can lead to mental health issues, as seen in long-term ISS missions.
3. Radiation exposure poses health risks, requiring careful monitoring and protective measures during missions.
4. Logistical challenges include limited supplies and the need for self-sufficiency in food and water management.
5. Communication delays with Earth can hinder support and emergency responses during missions.

4. What is the role of space exploration in advancing technology on Earth? How can these advancements benefit society?

1. Space exploration drives innovation in materials, robotics, and telecommunications, leading to new technologies on Earth.
2. Technologies developed for space missions, like satellite systems, enhance global communication and navigation services.
3. Research in space contributes to advancements in medicine, such as improved imaging techniques and drug development.
4. Environmental monitoring from space helps address climate change and natural disasters through better data collection.
5. Space exploration inspires STEM education and careers, encouraging a technologically adept workforce for future challenges.