SKUAST’s Action Plan for Drought Mitigation in Kashmir

The Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST) has developed a comprehensive action plan to address the anticipated dry conditions in Kashmir this summer. The region has faced rainfall deficits, particularly in January and February, leading to concerns about a drought-like situation. This could severely impact agriculture, horticulture, and water supplies. SKUAST has implemented strategies to help farmers adapt to these challenges.

About the Crop Contingency Plan

SKUAST’s contingency plan focuses on immediate and long-term strategies. It aims to provide logistical support to farmers and advisory services for effective farming practices. The plan prioritises seed availability, especially drought-resistant varieties. The university produces a substantial quantity of breeder seeds annually to meet farmers’ needs.

Seed Management and Crop Recommendations

In drought conditions, SKUAST recommends diversifying crops beyond rice. Drought-tolerant maize varieties and pulses are encouraged as they require less water. Pulses can yield reasonable harvests even under water stress. The university stresses the importance of having the right planting materials for farmers.

Drought Mitigation Strategies

Various strategies are employed to mitigate drought effects. Techniques like mulching help preserve soil moisture. Anti-transpirant agents are recommended to reduce water loss from plants. Micro-irrigation systems, such as drip irrigation, are promoted to optimise water use in farming.

Pest Management in Changing Climates

Rising temperatures have led to increased pest activity. Pests like aphids and leaf miners pose greater threats to crops. SKUAST issues advisories to farmers on pest control measures. Innovative chemical solutions are suggested to manage these challenges.

Developing Crop Calendars

The university collaborates with the meteorological department to create crop calendars. These calendars guide farmers on planting schedules and alternative crops in case of drought. For instance, in Budgam, vegetable-producing area, heat and water stress affect crop yields.

Strategies for Fruit and Fodder Crops

Fruit crops require direct intervention due to their inability to rotate crops. Specific growth regulators and protective sprays are recommended for early-blooming trees. Fodder seed production remains a challenge, particularly during droughts. SKUAST has initiated the cultivation of fodder seeds in the Jammu region to address this issue.

Innovative Agricultural Practices

Farmers are encouraged to adopt heat-tolerant varieties and adjust planting schedules. Improved seedling production techniques and efficient irrigation methods are essential for sustainable vegetable production. Organic soil amendments and foliar nutrition can enhance crop resilience.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in the Kashmir Valley.
2. What are the roles of agricultural universities in addressing food security challenges? Explain with examples.
3. Comment on the importance of pest management in sustainable agriculture practices.
4. What is the significance of crop rotation in maintaining soil health? How does it contribute to sustainable farming?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in the Kashmir Valley.

1. Climate change has led to erratic weather patterns, including reduced snowfall and increased temperatures, affecting crop yields.
2. Water scarcity due to prolonged dry spells threatens water-dependent sectors like paddy and horticulture.
3. Higher temperatures have increased pest activity, necessitating more intensive pest management strategies.
4. Crops like vegetables suffer from heat and water stress, impacting germination and yield.
5. Adaptation strategies, such as planting drought-resistant varieties, are essential for sustaining agricultural productivity.

2. What are the roles of agricultural universities in addressing food security challenges? Explain with examples.

1. Agricultural universities conduct research to develop resilient crop varieties, such as drought-tolerant maize and pulses.
2. They provide training and advisory services to farmers on sustainable farming practices and pest management.
3. Through seed production programs, they ensure the availability of certified seeds to meet farmers’ demands.
4. They collaborate with meteorological departments to create crop calendars, helping farmers adjust planting schedules.
5. Universities also engage in outreach programs to educate farmers on innovative agricultural techniques and technologies.

3. Comment on the importance of pest management in sustainable agriculture practices.

1. Pest management is crucial for protecting crop yields and ensuring food security in changing climates.
2. Effective pest control reduces the need for chemical inputs, promoting environmentally friendly practices.
3. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies help maintain pest populations below damaging levels sustainably.
4. Advisories on pest management equip farmers with knowledge to tackle emerging pest threats due to climate change.
5. Healthy crops through pest management contribute to overall agricultural resilience and sustainability.

4. What is the significance of crop rotation in maintaining soil health? How does it contribute to sustainable farming?

1. Crop rotation enhances soil fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants, improving nutrient cycling.
2. It helps in breaking pest and disease cycles, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.
3. Diverse cropping systems improve soil structure and reduce erosion, enhancing water retention.
4. Rotating crops can lead to better weed management, minimizing competition for resources.
5. Overall, crop rotation contributes to biodiversity and sustainable agricultural practices, ensuring long-term productivity.