Recent developments in space biology have seen Indian crop seeds return from the International Space Station (ISS) for detailed scientific analysis. The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) is leading this pioneering research. The seeds were exposed to microgravity aboard the ISS and will now undergo post-flight studies in collaboration with Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). This project aims to explore how space conditions influence plant growth and crop yield.
Background of the Crop Seeds on ISS Project
The project involves sending dry seeds of important Indian crop varieties to the ISS. The seeds include Jyothi and Uma rice, Kanakamani horse gram, Vellayani Vijay tomato, Thilakathara sesame, and Soorya brinjal. These were launched under a joint initiative involving the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), European Space Agency (ESA), IIST, and KAU. The collaboration is formalised through multiple memorandums of understanding. The Human Spaceflight Centre (HSFC) of ISRO and IIST signed an MoU in May to facilitate this research.
Scientific Objectives and Methodology
The primary aim is to study the effects of microgravity on seed biology. Seeds were exposed to the unique environment of space, including microgravity and cosmic radiation. Upon return, the seeds will be grown on Earth alongside control groups. Three sets of samples will be compared – space-exposed seeds, ground-based seeds, and seeds grown under simulated microgravity conditions. Researchers will assess growth rates, yield, and physiological changes to understand space-induced modifications.
Significance for Agriculture and Space Biology
This research could reveal how space conditions influence plant genetics and physiology. may help develop crops with improved resilience, yield, or nutritional value. It also contributes to the broader understanding of how living organisms adapt to space environments. Such knowledge is vital for future long-duration space missions and potential space farming. The project strengthens India’s role in space-based biological experiments and international space cooperation.
Institutional Collaboration and Leadership
The project is led by Professor K.G. Sreejalakshmi from IIST’s Space Biology Lab. IIST and KAU are jointly conducting the post-flight studies. ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Centre and ESA provide critical support and infrastructure. This multi-institutional effort reflects India’s growing capabilities in space science and biotechnology. The seeds are expected to reach Thiruvananthapuram shortly for immediate analysis.
Future Prospects
Results from this study will guide future experiments on crop adaptation in space. It may lead to the development of space-hardy plant varieties. The project sets a precedent for further biological payloads on human space missions. It also opens avenues for integrating space biology with agricultural innovation on Earth.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the significance of microgravity research in advancing agricultural biotechnology and its implications for food security on Earth.
- Estimate the role of international cooperation in space science projects like ISRO’s collaboration with the European Space Agency and how it benefits national scientific capabilities.
- Critically analyse the challenges and opportunities of conducting biological experiments in space environments with suitable examples from recent missions.
- What is the importance of crop diversification in India? How can space-based agricultural research contribute to enhancing crop resilience and productivity?
