St George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle is a site of immense historical and architectural significance in England. This 15th-century church stands as a testament to the grandeur of late-medieval Perpendicular Gothic Style. Initially founded by King Edward III in the 14th century, the chapel was expanded in the late 15th century, reflecting its growing importance and the evolving architectural tastes of the period. Over the centuries, it has served as a burial place for English and British monarchs, including notable figures such as George III, George IV, and William IV. In recent times, it has continued its role as a royal sepulcher with the interment of Prince Philip, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II.
Historical Foundation and Architectural Significance
The origins of St George’s Chapel can be traced back to the reign of King Edward III, who established the chapel in the 14th century. It was conceived as a royal and chivalric spiritual home for the Order of the Garter, an order of knighthood founded by Edward III. The chapel’s design exemplifies the Perpendicular Gothic Style, characterized by strong vertical lines, large windows, and elaborate fan vaulting. This style was prevalent during the late medieval period in England and is showcased in the impressive architectural features of the chapel.
Expansion and Development
Towards the end of the 15th century, St George’s Chapel underwent significant enlargement. This expansion was not only a reflection of the chapel’s increasing prominence but also an embodiment of the era’s architectural advancements. The enhancements included the addition of a nave, choir, and cloisters, which provided the space and structure that we see today. These additions were made to accommodate the growing number of knights and their retinues who visited the chapel, and to serve the spiritual needs of the royal family more adequately.
The Royal Vault
Beneath the ornate floors of St George’s Chapel lies the Royal Vault, a resting place for members of the British royal family. This crypt houses the remains of several monarchs, including George III, known for his long reign and the loss of the American colonies; George IV, remembered for his extravagant lifestyle and patronage of the arts; and William IV, whose reign saw the passage of the Reform Act of 1832. The vault has become a symbol of continuity for the British monarchy, connecting the past with the present.
Recent Royal Burials
The tradition of royal burials at St George’s Chapel has continued into the modern era. The most recent interment in the Royal Vault was that of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who passed away in April 2021. As the consort of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip’s burial at St George’s Chapel reaffirms the chapel’s ongoing significance as a site of royal ceremony and memory. His final resting place in the vault adds another chapter to the long history of the chapel and its association with the British royal family.
St George’s Chapel Today
Today, St George’s Chapel remains an active center of worship and is a popular tourist attraction. It is used regularly for services and ceremonies, including the annual Order of the Garter service. The chapel also serves as a venue for royal weddings and christenings, further cementing its role in the fabric of British ceremonial life. Visitors to Windsor Castle can explore the chapel and marvel at its architectural beauty, while also reflecting on the centuries of history that have unfolded within its walls.
