India has made progress in pulse production, reducing its dependency on imports. The NITI Aayog’s recent report outlines strategies to accelerate this growth further. It emphasises tailored agricultural approaches for each State and district to ensure balanced development. Pulses are vital for nutritional security, rural livelihoods, and sustainable farming.
Importance of Pulses in India
India is the largest producer, consumer, and importer of pulses globally. Pulses provide essential protein and nutrients, supporting food and nutritional security. They also improve soil health by fixing nitrogen, promoting sustainable agriculture. Nearly 80% of pulse cultivation depends on rain-fed areas, supporting over five crore farmers and their families.
Production Trends and Import Reduction
Pulse production declined to 16.35 million tonnes in 2015–16, causing imports of 6 million tonnes. Government interventions boosted production to 26.06 million tonnes by 2022–23, a 59.4% increase. Productivity rose by 38%, reducing import dependence from 29% to 10.4%. This progress is crucial for Atmanirbharta or self-reliance in pulses.
Regional Production Concentration
Pulses are grown in diverse agro-climatic zones across kharif, rabi, and summer seasons. However, production is concentrated, with Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan contributing 55%. The top 10 States account for 91% of national output. Addressing regional disparities is key to balanced growth and reducing imports.
Tailored Agricultural Strategies
NITI Aayog recommends customised strategies for States and districts based on specific challenges. These include improving irrigation, adopting high-yield varieties, enhancing input availability, and promoting crop diversification. Strengthening extension services and farmer awareness is also critical. Such focused action can sustain growth and ensure nutritional security.
Economic and Environmental Benefits
Pulse cultivation supports rural economies by providing income and employment. It also has environmental benefits, such as reducing the need for chemical fertilisers and improving soil fertility. Promoting pulses aligns with sustainable agriculture goals and climate resilience, making it a strategic crop for India’s future.
Future Outlook
With continued efforts, India aims to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses within ten years. This will reduce import costs and strengthen food security. The integrated approach combining policy support, technology, and farmer participation is essential for long-term success.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically discuss the role of pulses in ensuring nutritional security and sustainable agriculture in India.
- Examine the challenges faced by rain-fed agriculture in India and suggest measures to improve productivity and farmer livelihoods.
- Analyse the impact of regional disparities in agricultural production on India’s food security and economic development.
- Estimate the benefits and limitations of Atmanirbharta in agriculture with reference to pulses cultivation in India.
