Union Cabinet Launches M-CADWM

The Union Cabinet of India approved a ₹1,600 crore sub-scheme under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). This initiative aims to enhance micro-irrigation infrastructure across the country. The scheme focuses on improving water delivery systems for farmers, particularly those managing fields of up to one hectare.

Overview of the Sub-Scheme

The sub-scheme is named Modernisation of Command Area Development and Water Management (M-CADWM). It will operate on a pilot basis at 78 sites, benefiting nearly 80,000 farmers. The initiative will implement underground pressurised piped systems to establish a direct connection between irrigation sources and farmlands.

Objectives of the M-CADWM

The primary goal is to modernise the irrigation water-supply network. This involves directing water from existing canals and other sources to specific clusters of farmland. The scheme also aims to ensure sustainability through effective irrigation management transfer (IMT) to Water User Societies (WUS).

Water User Societies’ Role

Water User Societies will manage irrigation assets. They will receive support for five years by connecting with existing economic entities such as farmer producer organisations and primary agricultural credit societies. This connection aims to strengthen local agricultural economies and ensure effective water management.

Encouraging Young Farmers

The initiative also seeks to inspire young individuals to engage in farming. It promotes the adoption of modern irrigation methods. By attracting youth, the scheme aims to revitalise the agricultural sector and improve productivity.

Future Plans

The pilot projects will provide valuable vital information about the design and structuring of irrigation systems. Based on these learnings, a National Plan for Command Area Development and Water Management is set to launch in April 2026. This will align with the 16th Finance Commission period and aim for broader implementation across India.

Impact on Agriculture

The M-CADWM is expected to enhance agricultural productivity by ensuring efficient water supply. Improved irrigation infrastructure will lead to better crop yields and sustainable farming practices. This initiative is crucial for addressing water scarcity and supporting farmers’ livelihoods.

Implementation Challenges

While the scheme has potential, challenges may arise in its implementation. Ensuring effective management of Water User Societies is vital. Additionally, the adaptation of modern irrigation techniques among farmers will require ongoing education and support.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the role of micro-irrigation in enhancing agricultural productivity in India.
2. Discuss in the light of current agricultural practices, the significance of Water User Societies in managing irrigation resources.
3. Critically discuss the impact of government schemes on the modernisation of agriculture in India.
4. What are the challenges faced by young farmers in adopting modern irrigation methods? How can these challenges be addressed?

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the role of micro-irrigation in enhancing agricultural productivity in India.

1. Micro-irrigation systems, like drip and sprinkler, provide water directly to plant roots, reducing wastage.
2. They enable efficient water use, crucial for regions facing water scarcity and drought.
3. Improved water management leads to higher crop yields and better quality produce.
4. Micro-irrigation can lower labor costs and increase the area under cultivation for small farmers.
5. Government initiatives, like PMKSY, support the adoption of micro-irrigation, promoting sustainable agriculture.

2. Discuss in the light of current agricultural practices, the significance of Water User Societies in managing irrigation resources.

1. Water User Societies (WUS) empower local farmers to manage irrigation systems collectively.
2. They enhance accountability and ensure equitable water distribution among members.
3. WUS facilitate training and education on efficient water management practices.
4. Linking WUS with economic entities strengthens local agricultural economies and support systems.
5. Effective management by WUS can lead to sustainable irrigation practices, benefiting overall agricultural productivity.

3. Critically discuss the impact of government schemes on the modernisation of agriculture in India.

1. Government schemes like PMKSY provide financial support for infrastructure development in agriculture.
2. They promote the adoption of modern technologies, enhancing productivity and sustainability.
3. Such schemes often focus on resource management, addressing issues like water scarcity and soil degradation.
4. Implementation challenges may arise, including bureaucratic delays and lack of awareness among farmers.
5. Success of these schemes can lead to improved livelihoods and food security for rural populations.

4. What are the challenges faced by young farmers in adopting modern irrigation methods? How can these challenges be addressed?

1. Young farmers often lack access to capital for investing in modern irrigation systems.
2. There may be a lack of knowledge or training on the latest irrigation technologies and practices.
3. Traditional farming practices may be deeply ingrained, leading to resistance to change.
4. Support from government and NGOs can provide financial aid and education to young farmers.
5. Creating networks and mentorship programs can encourage knowledge sharing and encourage innovation in farming.