In recent times, climate change has had a significant impact on glaciers worldwide, causing them to retreat and threaten water resources. However, an exception to this phenomenon has been observed in the Karakoram Range of Central-South Asia. Unlike other mountainous regions, glaciers in this range have remained stable or even grown, a phenomenon known as the Karakoram Anomaly.
Unraveling the Karakoram Anomaly
The Karakoram Anomaly refers to the remarkable stability or anomalous growth of glaciers in the central Karakoram. This is in stark contrast to the glacier retreat witnessed in nearby mountain ranges like the Himalayas and others around the world. The unique behavior of these glaciers has intrigued researchers, prompting comprehensive studies.
Key Findings of the Recent Study
A recent study has revealed novel insights into the Karakoram Anomaly. The research underscored the critical role of increased Western Disturbance (WD)-precipitation during the accumulation period in modulating regional climatic anomalies. This is a notable discovery as previous studies primarily highlighted the role of temperature in establishing and sustaining the anomaly.
Western Disturbances, which are the primary sources of winter snowfall in the region, were found to constitute approximately 65% of total seasonal snowfall and about 53% of total seasonal precipitation. Thus, they are the most important moisture source for the area. Notably, the precipitation intensity of WDs impacting the Karakoram has risen by around 10% in the last two decades, further cementing their role in maintaining the regional anomaly.
The Geographic Significance of Karakoram Range
The Karakorams form part of a complex of mountain ranges at the heart of Asia, including the Hindu Kush to the west, the Pamirs to the northwest, the Kunlun Mountains to the northeast, and the Himalayas to the southeast. The range spans across several countries, including Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, and Tajikistan.
Importance of Himalayan Glaciers
Himalayan glaciers play a crucial role in India, especially for millions of people living downstream who depend on these perennial rivers for their daily water needs. These glaciers are rapidly receding due to global warming, a development that could lead to serious water resource stress in the future.
Examining Past UPSC Civil Services Examination Questions
A question from the 2020 examination asked about the location of the Siachen Glacier. The correct answer was that it is located north of the Nubra Valley. The Siachen Glacier, found in the Eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas, holds the distinction of being the largest glacier outside the polar and subpolar regions. It lies west of Aksai Chin, north of Nubra valley, and almost east of Gilgit.