The recent study conducted in nine different countries has suggested that only 9.44% of the studied region is highly suitable for clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa). Among the areas investigated, Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram, India, was chosen for the study and found to have one of the highest population densities of clouded leopards. These findings raise vital concerns about the future of these unique and vulnerable creatures.
Understanding the Clouded Leopard
Known for the cloud-shaped pattern unique to their skin, clouded leopards are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To aid research and bolster conservation efforts, this species has been added to India’s Recovery Programme for Critically Endangered Species. The clouded leopard, which is also the State animal of Meghalaya, prefers habitats such as grassland, shrubs, subtropical and dense tropical forests up to a height of 7,000 feet. Their range extends from the Himalayan foothills through mainland Southeast Asia into China and includes several regions in India.
What Affects the Distribution of Clouded Leopards?
Various factors influence the presence of clouded leopards. Dense forest cover, high rainfall, hard terrain, and low human presence correlate positively with their distribution. However, issues such as deforestation, changing rainfall patterns, human-animal conflict, and development projects pose threats.
| Factor | Impact on Clouded Leopards |
|---|---|
| Dense Forest Cover | Positive |
| High Rainfall | Positive |
| Hard Terrain | Positive |
| Low Human Presence | Positive |
| Deforestation | Negative |
| Changing Rainfall Patterns | Negative |
| Human-Animal Conflict | Negative |
| Development Projects | Negative |
Co-existence of People and Clouded Leopards
Given these factors, necessary steps ought to be taken to develop land-use and developmental policies that facilitate the coexistence of people alongside clouded leopards, treating them as umbrella species for wider nature.
About Dampa Tiger Reserve
Located in Mizoram, the Dampa Tiger Reserve recently came into the spotlight when it was estimated to have zero tigers as part of the latest all India tiger estimation exercise. Despite this, the reserve holds one of the highest population densities of clouded leopards.
A Look at the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat (IDWH)
The IDWH is a centrally sponsored scheme launched to help states and union territories protect their wildlife habitats. The scheme offers technical and financial assistance for various activities including staff development, capacity building, wildlife research and evaluation, anti-poaching activities, wildlife veterinary care, addressing man-animal conflict, and promoting eco-tourism.
Relocation Assistance and Support for Protected Areas
Financial assistance is also provided for the relocation of communities from within protected areas to elsewhere. All Protected Areas (PAs) in different states except those which receive assistance under Project Tiger are eligible for support.
Protecting Wildlife Outside Protected Areas
Many wildlife habitats fall outside the network of protected areas. Under this component of the IDWH scheme, funds are granted against Biodiversity Plans prepared by Chief Wildlife Wardens of the respective states. Priority is given to regions adjacent to Protected Areas.
Recovery Program for Critically Endangered Habitats and Species
This component of the scheme identifies 16 species for recovery, which includes the clouded leopard. A scientific Recovery Plan has to be prepared by the Chief Wildlife Warden in each state as part of their conservation efforts.
