A study conducted recently by the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, offers significant insights into the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. The research effort included participants from 31 states and Union Territories, making it the first comprehensive epidemiological study of its kind in the country. It presented a detailed picture of the prevalence and impacts of NCDs such as diabetes.
Key Findings from the Study
The study identified Goa, Puducherry, and Kerala as regions with the highest prevalence of diabetes. India now houses 101 million individuals with diabetes and 136 million with prediabetes. Hypertension was found in 315 million individuals, while 254 million people were classified as generally obese and 351 million had abdominal obesity.
The research also looked at hypercholesterolemia, a condition characterized by fat accumulation in arteries. It identified 213 million individuals affected by this condition, which can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Findings also highlighted that 185 million individuals had elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Significance of the Findings
The study underscores that diabetes and other metabolic NCDs are more prevalent in India than previously estimated. While urban areas currently have higher rates of metabolic NCDs, rural regions are expected to see a surge in diabetes cases in the next five years if left unregulated.
Study Impact: Highlighting the Increased Vulnerability
The study acts as an early warning, highlighting the increased vulnerability of the population to NCDs and the potential for severe medical conditions, including strokes. India faces a dual challenge of malnutrition and obesity, with fast food, sedentary lifestyles, lack of sleep and exercise, and stress contributing to the prevalence of NCDs.
Impact on Quality of Life and Life Expectancy
NCDs, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases, significantly contribute to India’s overall disease burden. They often result in disabilities, reducing individuals’ functional abilities and affecting their daily activities. The long-term medical care, lifestyle modifications, and medication required to manage NCDs can also negatively impact the financial well-being of individuals and households.
National and Global Initiatives Against NCDs
To combat the rise in NCDs, the Indian government has introduced the National Programme for Prevention & Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD), implemented under the National Health Mission (NHM). Globally, as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, nations committed to develop ambitious responses to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by one third through prevention and treatment.
Understanding Non-Communicable Diseases
Also known as chronic diseases, NCDs tend to be of long duration and result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. The main risk factors contributing to these conditions include tobacco use, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and air pollution.
The Way Forward
A focus on wellness and a healthy lifestyle is critical in combating the growing NCD pandemic. It’s essential to emphasize healthy diets and regular exercise. State-specific policies that allow tailored interventions can address the specific challenges and risk factors of each region, making the battle against NCDs more effective.