India recently successfully conducted a training launch of its Short-Range Ballistic Missile ‘Agni-1’ from APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. This operation was executed under the authority of the Strategic Forces Command and all operational and technical parameters were successfully validated in the process.
Understanding Ballistic Missile ‘Agni-1′
The Agni-1 is a Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM) that India developed as part of its Agni series of missiles. It’s the first missile in this series and is designed as a strategic weapon capable of carrying a nuclear payload. Known for its quick response time, the Agni-1’s primary function is to act as a deterrent against potential adversaries. The missile falls under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
Technical Specifications of Agni-1
Agni-1 is a one-stage, solid-fueled missile with a range of approximately 700 to 1200 kilometers. It can carry a payload of 1,000 kg, classifying it as a short-range ballistic missile. The missile has the added capability of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads. Owing to its solid-fuel propulsion system, the missile boasts operational flexibility and reduced launch preparation time.
Development and Testing of Agni-1
Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in India, Agni-1 has undergone several successful test launches for the validation of its performance and reliability. The missile was first tested at the Interim Test Range in Chandipur in 1989, and the Indian army accepted it in service in 2007.
Overview of Other Agni Class of Missiles
The Agni series is a family of ballistic missiles developed by India, with each variant designed for specific ranges and purposes. Apart from Agni-1, notable missiles in the series include:
– Agni II: With a range of over 2000 km.
– Agni III: Having a range of more than 2500 km.
– Agni IV: A missile with a range exceeding 3500 km, can be launched from a road-mobile launcher.
– Agni-V: An Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) with a range of over 5000 km.
– Agni Prime: This under-development two-stage, canisterised missile was successfully flight tested in June 2023. The missile is capable of delivering a number of warheads at separate locations at a distance of 1000 – 2000 km.
Role of ICBMs in Nuclear Triad
ICBMs are long-range ballistic missiles capable of traveling vast distances, typically intercontinental ranges. They play a crucial role in a nation’s nuclear triad, comprising land-based missiles, submarine-launched missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers. Characterised by their exceptionally long ranges, ICBMs can exceed 5500 kilometers (around 3400 miles) and often reach distances of over 10,000 kilometers (more than 6200 miles). These missiles follow a ballistic trajectory where they are launched into space before re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere to hit their targets.
UPSC Civil Services Examination, Past Questions
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in 2018 asked, “What is ‘Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)’?” The correct choice was (c) An American anti-missile system. Further, a question in 2014 about the Agni-IV Missile stated, “It is a surface-to-surface missile. It is fuelled by liquid propellant only. It can deliver one-tonne nuclear warheads about 7500 km away.” The correct response was (a) 1 only.
