The Supreme Court of India recently emphasized the need for personalized understanding and consideration for mental health issues, countering a one-size-fits-all approach. The gravity of such concerns was highlighted during the court’s statement, acknowledging the varying emotional responses of individuals to common life experiences such as stress, loss, love, and happiness. This has come as a significant reminder on World Mental Health Day, observed annually on October 10th.
Understanding Mental Health
Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is a state of well-being where an individual recognizes his or her abilities, manages daily stressors, works productively, and contributes positively to society. Much like physical health, mental health plays a crucial role in all stages of life, from childhood to adult years.
Challenges In The Indian Context
India faces a high public health burden related to mental health care, with an estimated 150 million people requiring mental health interventions, according to the National Mental Health Survey 2015-16. The scarcity of trained professionals such as psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists, and social workers, and under-funded healthcare system further exacerbate the issue.
Public ignorance about mental illness symptoms and associated social stigma often leads to social isolation of those afflicted and hesitant families, resulting in a vast treatment gap. Notably, post-treatment rehabilitation facilities are scarce, and economic downturns often escalate mental health problems.
Mental Healthcare Policies in India
The Supreme Court has recognized healthcare as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. To address the significant mental health burden and dearth of skilled professionals, the National Mental Health Program (NMHP) was established in 1982 and re-strategized in 2003.
The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 guarantees access to mental healthcare and treatment from government-run or funded services. Concurrently, the Kiran Helpline, launched in 2020, offers round-the-clock support to persons dealing with mental health concerns.
Envisioning a Way Forward
The grave state of mental health in India calls for active policy interventions and resource allocation from the government. To reduce stigma and enhance awareness, community sensitization and education are paramount. Innovative care models, such as the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) by the ministry of health and family welfare, are required for enhancing service penetration and creating an empathetic and effective workforce.
Persistent funding for mental health education and awareness programs are needed, along with mass campaigns like Swach Mansikta Abhiyan, to inform and encourage the public about mental health.
