The Tughlaq Dynasty ruled over the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. It was founded by Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq. The dynasty is known for its ambitious architectural projects. Notable rulers include Muhammad bin Tughlaq, famous for his controversial policies. The dynasty faced challenges like rebellions and invasions. It eventually declined, paving the way for the rise of the Sayyid and Lodi dynasties.
The early medieval period in India saw the rise of a powerful class of landed intermediaries—often termed as Samantas, Ranakas, or Bhogikas—who acted as a critical buffer between...
