Tamil Nadu, one of India’s southern states, has notably recognized the Tamil Yeoman butterfly species as its state butterfly. Endemic to the Western Ghats, a key biodiversity hotspot in southwestern India, this butterfly species is known for its distinct features and plays a crucial role in nature’s lifecycle. Being the fifth state in the country to name a butterfly as a state symbol joins Tamil Nadu with Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Karnataka, and Kerala, which have already declared their state butterflies.
Physical Features of Tamil Yeoman
The Tamil Yeoman butterfly, scientifically known as Cirrochroa thais, sports a beautiful uniformly orange colour that makes it easily noticeable in nature. A distinguishing feature of this butterfly species is the dark brown outer ring it carries, adding an element of contrast to its overall bright coloration. Due to its striking appearance, it is colloquially known as ‘Tamil Maravan’, a term that translates to ‘warrior’ in English.
Behaviour and Habitat of Tamil Yeoman
An intriguing characteristic of the Tamil Yeoman butterfly species is their group behaviour. These butterflies move collectively in large numbers, creating a spectacular sight of swirling oranges against the backdrop of green. However, such gatherings are only observed in select locations, with hilly areas being their primary habitat.
Significance of Butterflies in the Environment
Butterflies are often admired for their aesthetic charm, but their role in the environment runs much deeper. They play a crucial part in plant pollination, helping facilitate the growth of many plant species. Furthermore, they form an integral part of the food chain, serving as prey for a variety of other species including birds and reptiles.
| State | State Butterfly |
|---|---|
| Maharashtra | Blue Mormon |
| Uttarakhand | Common Peacock |
| Karnataka | Southern Birdwing |
| Kerala | Malabar banded peacock or Buddha butterfly |
| Tamil Nadu | Tamil Yeoman |
Other Indian States and Their State Butterflies
Tamil Nadu is the fifth state in India to nominate a butterfly as its state symbol. The trendsetter in this regard was Maharashtra with the Blue Mormon becoming its symbolic butterfly. Uttarakhand followed, choosing the Common Peacock as their state butterfly. Karnataka named the Southern Birdwing, the largest butterfly species in India, as its state symbol. Kerala, too, joined the list by recognizing the Malabar Banded Peacock, also known as the Buddha butterfly, as its official butterfly.
The recognition of these butterfly species not only showcases the states’ rich biodiversity but also provides a platform for raising awareness about the vital role that these insects play in maintaining ecological balance.
