Justice Kurian Joseph Committee on Centre-State Relations

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin announced a high-level committee to review the relationship between the Centre and the states. This move echoes historical efforts from 1969 when Chief Minister C N Annadurai established a similar committee. The new committee, led by Justice Kurian Joseph, aims to reinforce the constitutional rights of state of Indias.

Historical Context

In 1969, the Centre-State Relations Inquiry Committee was formed under Dr. P V Rajamannar. This committee brought into light the increasing central control over states. It argued that the federal structure of the Constitution of India was being undermined. The report concluded that states were becoming mere extensions of the Centre.

Key Findings of the Rajamannar Committee

The Rajamannar Committee identified several issues. It noted the dominance of the Centre over state matters. Articles 256, 257, and 365 were cited as tools for central control. The committee suggested repealing Article 356, which allows the imposition of President’s Rule in states. It also recommended establishing a strong Inter-State Council to promote dialogue.

Critique of Central Institutions

The committee condemned institutions like the Planning Commission. It argued that such bodies gave the Centre excessive power over state finances. States became dependent on the Centre for funding. This dependency hindered their autonomy and decision-making capabilities.

Federal Balance and Central Strength

The committee challenged the notion that a strong Centre guarantees national unity. It argued that overreach by the Centre could lead to its own weakness. True strength, it suggested, lies in restraint and clarity of purpose. The committee emphasised that the Centre should not overextend its responsibilities.

Contemporary Relevance

Fast forward to 2025, the Stalin-led government is revisiting these themes. Tamil Nadu has faced challenges with the central government on issues like NEET and GST. By invoking the Rajamannar Committee, Stalin seeks to promote state empowerment. The new committee will assess current legal frameworks and propose measures to restore state rights.

Future Implications

The recommendations of the new committee could reshape Centre-State dynamics. However, the historical context suggests that previous reports, including those from the Sarkaria and Punchhi Commissions, have been largely ignored. The outcome of this initiative remains uncertain.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the implications of the Rajamannar Committee’s recommendations on Indian federalism.
2. What are the roles of Articles 256, 257, and 365 in the context of Centre-State relations? Explain.
3. What is the significance of the Planning Commission in India’s governance? How does it affect state autonomy?
4. Comment on the historical context of federalism in India. What lessons can be drawn from the 1969 Rajamannar Committee report?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the implications of the Rajamannar Committee’s recommendations on Indian federalism.

1. The committee brought into light the increasing centralization of power, which undermines state autonomy.
2. It recommended repealing Article 356, which allows President’s Rule, impacting state governance.
3. Establishment of a strong Inter-State Council was proposed to enhance dialogue between Centre and States.
4. The findings emphasized the need for a balance of power to maintain true federalism.
5. Historical inaction on the committee’s recommendations has led to continued central dominance.

2. What are the roles of Articles 256, 257, and 365 in the context of Centre-State relations? Explain.

1. Article 256 mandates states to comply with the Centre’s directions on matters in the Concurrent List.
2. Article 257 allows the Centre to issue directions to states in the interest of national integration.
3. Article 365 enables the Centre to assume control if a state fails to comply with constitutional provisions.
4. These articles provide the Centre with authority over state governance, impacting federal dynamics.
5. Their use has often led to perceptions of state subordination to central authority.

3. What is the significance of the Planning Commission in India’s governance? How does it affect state autonomy?

1. The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating and overseeing economic plans at the national level.
2. It allocated funds and resources, giving the Centre leverage over state finances.
3. States became reliant on the Centre for financial assistance, reducing their decision-making power.
4. Criticism arose regarding its unaccountability and lack of constitutional basis, impacting federal balance.
5. The Commission’s influence often led to a centralization of policy-making, diminishing state autonomy.

4. Comment on the historical context of federalism in India. What lessons can be drawn from the 1969 Rajamannar Committee report?

1. The Rajamannar Committee emerged during a time of increasing central control, reflecting concerns over federalism.
2. It telld the need for constitutional safeguards to protect state rights and autonomy.
3. Historical reports have often been ignored, denoting the challenge of implementing federal principles.
4. The committee’s findings resonate , as states continue to grapple with central dominance.
5. Lessons include the importance of dialogue and cooperation between Centre and States for effective governance.