Terrorism and Security Concerns in Jammu and Kashmir

Recent events in Jammu and Kashmir have drawn attention due to a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, leading to heightened security concerns. The Indian Army has resumed limited operations of its Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv to support counter-terrorism efforts. The grounding of these helicopters had previously hampered troop movements in the region. The attack has also prompted calls for international accountability against terrorism.

Background of the ALH Dhruv Helicopter

The Advanced Light Helicopter Dhruv is a multi-role helicopter developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. It serves as important asset for the Indian Army and Air Force. The helicopter is designed for various operations including troop transport, reconnaissance, and medical evacuation. Its grounding due to a previous crash affected operational capabilities .

The Pahalgam Terrorist Attack

The recent attack in Pahalgam resulted in the deaths of several tourists and an Indian Navy officer, Lieutenant Vinay Narwal. The incident has been described as one of the most severe terrorist acts since the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019. The attack has reignited discussions on the security situation in Jammu and Kashmir and the need for effective counter-terrorism strategies.

Government and Public Response

In response to the attack, Rajya Sabha MP Kapil Sibal has called for the prosecution of terrorists in the International Criminal Court. He has also urged the government to designate Pakistan as a “terrorist state.” Public sentiment is strong, with calls for decisive action against terrorism. Families of the victims have expressed their grief and demanded justice.

Security Measures Post-Attack

Following the attack, security measures have been intensified across Jammu and Kashmir. Security forces have launched search operations to locate the attackers. The usually vibrant tourist areas have seen decrease in activity, reflecting the pervasive fear among residents and visitors alike. Local organisations have called for a Jammu bandh to express solidarity against terrorism.

The Role of the International Community

The International Criminal Court plays a very important role in addressing crimes against humanity, including terrorism. Calls for international intervention highlight the global dimensions of terrorism. The response of the international community can influence regional stability and security in conflict zones like Jammu and Kashmir.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of terrorism on tourism in Jammu and Kashmir.
2. What are the implications of designating a country as a “terrorist state”? Explain.
3. What is the role of the International Criminal Court in combating terrorism? Discuss with examples.
4. What are the challenges faced by security forces in counter-terror operations? How can these be addressed?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of terrorism on tourism in Jammu and Kashmir.

1. Terrorism creates fear among potential tourists, leading to a decline in visitor numbers.
2. The recent Pahalgam attack has intensified security concerns, further deterring tourism.
3. Tourism is economic driver in the region, and its decline can affect local businesses.
4. Heightened security measures may disrupt the usual tourist experience, impacting the overall appeal.
5. Long-term terrorism can lead to a negative perception of the region, affecting its image as a tourist destination.

2. What are the implications of designating a country as a “terrorist state”? Explain.

1. Designation can lead to international sanctions, affecting trade and diplomatic relations.
2. It may isolate the country politically and economically, impacting its global standing.
3. Such a label can legitimize military actions or interventions against the designated state.
4. It may influence domestic policies within the designated state, potentially leading to increased repression.
5. Public sentiment and nationalism within the designated country may intensify, complicating resolution efforts.

3. What is the role of the International Criminal Court in combating terrorism? Discuss with examples.

1. The ICC investigates and prosecutes individuals for crimes against humanity, including terrorism.
2. It aims to hold accountable those responsible for severe human rights violations globally.
3. Cases like the prosecution of leaders involved in genocides illustrate its potential impact on deterring terrorism.
4. The ICC’s jurisdiction encourages states to cooperate in combating terrorism through international law.
5. It serves as a platform for victims to seek justice, thereby reinforcing the global fight against terrorism.

4. What are the challenges faced by security forces in counter-terror operations? How can these be addressed?

1. Security forces often face intelligence gaps, making it difficult to preempt attacks.
2. Limited resources and personnel can hinder effective counter-terror operations.
3. Local support and cooperation are crucial but can be undermined by mistrust within communities.
4. Increased operational risks and potential civilian casualties can complicate military actions.
5. Enhancing intelligence-sharing, community engagement, and training can improve operational effectiveness.