The Eastern Ghats, a vast mountain range stretching across the eastern part of India, play a crucial role in shaping the climate of the region.
Geographical Overview
The Eastern Ghats extend over a distance of about 1,750 kilometers, covering states such as Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and parts of Tamil Nadu. These mountains, though not as prominent as their western counterparts, significantly influence the weather patterns in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent.
Rainfall Patterns
Southwest Monsoon
The Eastern Ghats experience a significant impact from the southwest monsoon, which brings heavy rainfall during the months of June to September. The mountain range acts as a barrier, causing the moist air from the Bay of Bengal to rise and cool, leading to precipitation. This phenomenon contributes substantially to the annual rainfall in the surrounding regions.
Rain-shadow Effect
While the windward side of the Eastern Ghats receives ample rainfall, the leeward side often experiences a rain-shadow effect. Areas on the eastern side, such as Odisha, tend to receive more rainfall compared to the western side, affecting the overall distribution of precipitation in the region.
Temperature Variations
The climate in the Eastern Ghats varies with altitude. The lower elevations experience a tropical climate, characterized by high temperatures and humidity. As one ascends the mountain range, temperatures tend to decrease, creating a diverse range of microclimates.
Hill Stations
Several hill stations in the Eastern Ghats, such as Araku Valley and Yercaud, offer a respite from the heat prevalent in the plains. These locations, situated at higher altitudes, boast cooler temperatures and attract tourists seeking relief from the scorching summer heat.
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
The diverse climate of the Eastern Ghats supports a rich array of flora and fauna. The different climatic zones, ranging from tropical to subtropical, contribute to the region’s biodiversity. The forests in the Eastern Ghats are home to a variety of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to the area.
Endangered Species
The presence of endangered species like the Nilgiri langur and the Indian giant squirrel highlights the ecological significance of the Eastern Ghats. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these unique species and their habitats from the threats posed by climate change and human activities.
Impact on Agriculture
The climate of the Eastern Ghats significantly influences agricultural practices in the region. The availability of water, soil fertility, and temperature variations play a vital role in determining the types of crops that can be cultivated.
Crop Diversity
The Eastern Ghats support the cultivation of a variety of crops, including rice, millets, and spices. The diverse climate allows for multiple cropping seasons, contributing to the agricultural productivity of the region.
Key Data Table
To provide a snapshot of the climatic conditions in the Eastern Ghats, the following table summarizes key data:
| Climate Parameter | Value |
| Annual Rainfall | Varies from 1,000 to 2,500 mm |
| Temperature Range | 20°C to 40°C |
| Altitude Range | 500 meters to 1,600 meters |
| Dominant Wind Direction | Southwest Monsoon |
| Vegetation Types | Tropical and Subtropical Forests |
The climate of the Eastern Ghats is a complex interplay of geographical features, monsoon patterns, and altitude variations. Understanding these climatic nuances is essential for effective conservation efforts, sustainable agriculture, and biodiversity preservation in the region.
