Transformative Impact of Fisheries Schemes in Jammu and Kashmir

In recent years, the fisheries sector in Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed advancements due to government initiatives. Key schemes like the Blue Revolution, Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF), and Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) have been instrumental. These initiatives aim to enhance the fisheries ecosystem and improve livelihoods for rural communities.

Government Commitment to Fisheries Development

The Government of India has shown a strong commitment to developing the fisheries and livestock sectors in Jammu and Kashmir. This commitment is viewed as essential for rural income and nutritional security. The Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying has emphasised that over 10 crore farmers depend on livestock for their livelihoods, with portion being small and marginal farmers.

Increase in Milk Production

Jammu and Kashmir has experienced a remarkable increase in milk production. From 19.50 lakh tonnes in 2014-15, production rose to 28.74 lakh tonnes in 2023-24, marking a 47% increase. The per capita milk availability in the Union Territory is currently 413 grams per day, reflecting improved dairy farming practices.

Advancements in Trout Farming

The import of genetically improved eyed ova of Rainbow and Brown Trout from Denmark has boosted trout farming in Jammu and Kashmir. Trout production surged from 650 MT in 2020-21 to 2,380 MT in 2023-24, an impressive increase of 266%. This intervention has improved the quality of fish seed available to farmers.

Infrastructure Development and Investment

The Government of India has allocated ₹852 crore under PMMSY for enhancing fisheries and aquaculture in Himalayan and North Eastern states, with ₹300 crore earmarked specifically for Jammu and Kashmir. This funding aims to improve production, infrastructure, and employment opportunities.

Cold-Water Fisheries Potential

Recognising the potential of cold-water fisheries, the Ministry has designated Anantnag as a Cold-Water Fisheries Cluster. Partner districts include Kulgam and Shopian, focusing on integrated value-chain development. This initiative is expected to create sustainable livelihoods for local communities.

Future Plans and Youth Engagement

The government is planning to establish an Integrated Aqua Park in Jammu and Kashmir, with a proposal of ₹100 crore under PMMSY Phase-II. This park aims to serve as a model for holistic cold-water aquaculture development. Encouraging youth to engage in micro and small-scale fisheries enterprises is also a priority to drive inclusive growth.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the role of government schemes in enhancing rural livelihoods in Jammu and Kashmir.
2. Discuss the significance of cold-water fisheries in the economic development of Jammu and Kashmir.
3. What are the challenges faced by the fisheries sector in India? Analyse their impact on rural economies.
4. Critically discuss the importance of genetic improvement in aquaculture. How does it affect production levels?

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the role of government schemes in enhancing rural livelihoods in Jammu and Kashmir.

1. Flagship schemes like PMMSY and FIDF aim to improve fisheries infrastructure and productivity.
2. Government initiatives have increased fish and milk production, contributing to rural income.
3. Support for small and marginal farmers enhances economic stability and food security.
4. Investment in training and resources empowers local communities and encourages entrepreneurship.
5. Collaborative efforts between government and local stakeholders ensure sustainable development.

2. Discuss the significance of cold-water fisheries in the economic development of Jammu and Kashmir.

1. Cold-water fisheries provide a sustainable source of income for rural communities in J&K.
2. Designation of Anantnag as a Cold-Water Fisheries Cluster promotes integrated value-chain development.
3. Increased trout production contributes to job creation and boosts local economies.
4. Investment in cold-water fisheries infrastructure enhances market access for local fish farmers.
5. Cold-water fisheries initiatives support biodiversity and ecological balance in the region.

3. What are the challenges faced by the fisheries sector in India? Analyse their impact on rural economies.

1. Overfishing and environmental degradation threaten fish stocks and aquatic ecosystems.
2. Lack of access to modern technology and infrastructure limits productivity and market reach.
3. Insufficient funding and investment hinder development and growth in the fisheries sector.
4. Climate change impacts water quality and availability, affecting fish farming viability.
5. These challenges lead to reduced income for fishers and rural communities, exacerbating poverty.

4. Critically discuss the importance of genetic improvement in aquaculture. How does it affect production levels?

1. Genetic improvement enhances disease resistance and growth rates in fish species.
2. Higher quality fish seed leads to increased production efficiency and yields for farmers.
3. Importing genetically improved ova, like trout from Denmark, boosts local aquaculture outcomes.
4. Improved genetics contribute to sustainable practices and reduced reliance on wild fish stocks.
5. Overall, genetic advancements support food security and economic growth in the fisheries sector.