Trust Levels in India

India’s trust in institutions has seen a decline, according to the latest Edelman Trust Barometer released in January 2025. This survey reveals disparities in trust levels between high-income and low-income populations. The findings highlight the challenges faced by the government, businesses, media, and NGOs in encouraging public confidence.

Trust Among Income Groups

The survey indicates that India ranks third globally in trust among low-income populations, trailing behind China and Indonesia. However, only 65% of low-income respondents expressed trust in Indian institutions. In contrast, 80% of high-income individuals reported trust. This stark difference puts stress on the challenges in addressing the needs and perceptions of lower-income groups.

Global Comparison of Trust

India’s overall trust ranking has slipped to 13th when compared to other countries. The study shows that Canada leads in trust towards foreign-headquartered companies, followed by Japan, Germany, the UK, France, and the US. Notably, India falls behind nations like Mexico and Brazil, indicating a need for improvement in its international trust image.

Trust in Institutions

China continues to top the list for overall trust in institutions, with Indonesia now in second place. India’s unchanged score has allowed it to maintain its position but marks stagnation in public confidence. The survey reveals that trust in government, businesses, media, and NGOs is critical for societal stability.

Concerns Over Misinformation and Violence

The report indicates a troubling trend where violence and misinformation are increasingly viewed as legitimate means for change. Economic fears have escalated grievances, with 60% of respondents feeling that governments and businesses serve narrow interests. This perception fuels discontent among the populace.

Disillusionment with Leaders

A lack of faith in institutional leaders is evident, with 69% of respondents believing that these figures deliberately mislead the public. This represents an 11-point increase since 2021. The public’s ability to discern credible information has also diminished, with 63% expressing difficulty in identifying trustworthy news sources.

Trust Among Global Economies

The survey marks that many of the world’s largest economies, including Japan, Germany, the UK, the US, and France, rank low in trust. Conversely, developing nations, including China, Indonesia, and India, score higher on the Trust Index. This disparity suggests that economic development does not necessarily equate to higher trust levels.

Perceptions of Wealth and Inequality

The survey reveals a growing sentiment that the wealthy are contributing to societal issues. A majority believes that the rich evade their fair tax responsibilities and contribute to the struggles of ordinary people. This perception fuels further distrust in institutions and leaders.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the factors contributing to the low trust in institutions among low-income populations in India.
2. Estimate the implications of misinformation on public trust in government and media in contemporary society.
3. Point out the relationship between economic development and trust levels in both developed and developing nations.
4. What is the role of public perception in shaping the trust index of global economies? Discuss with suitable examples.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the factors contributing to the low trust in institutions among low-income populations in India.

1. Low-income populations often experience disenfranchisement, leading to skepticism towards institutions.
2. Economic inequality affects perceptions of fairness and transparency in governance.
3. Limited access to information exacerbates mistrust as low-income groups may lack awareness of institutional functions.
4. Historical neglect and broken promises from institutions contribute to a legacy of distrust.
5. High-profile corruption scandals further erode confidence in government and businesses.

2. Estimate the implications of misinformation on public trust in government and media in contemporary society.

1. Misinformation can lead to widespread disillusionment and cynicism towards government intentions.
2. It encourages polarization, making it harder for citizens to engage in constructive dialogue.
3. Public trust in media diminishes as audiences struggle to discern credible sources.
4. Governments may face challenges in implementing policies due to lack of public support stemming from misinformation.
5. Increased reliance on social media amplifies the spread of misinformation, complicating trust restoration efforts.

3. Point out the relationship between economic development and trust levels in both developed and developing nations.

1. Developed nations often exhibit lower trust levels despite higher economic status, indicating disillusionment with institutions.
2. Developing nations like India and China show higher trust levels, reflecting optimism in emerging economies.
3. Economic growth can lead to improved public services, enhancing trust in institutions.
4. However, rapid growth without transparency can lead to increased skepticism among citizens.
5. The relationship is complex; economic development does not guarantee higher trust if governance is perceived as ineffective.

4. What is the role of public perception in shaping the trust index of global economies? Discuss with suitable examples.

1. Public perception directly influences trust indices, as seen in the stark differences between developed and developing nations.
2. Countries like Canada and Japan rank high due to strong reputations for transparency and accountability.
3. Conversely, nations with high-profile corruption cases, like the US and UK, see declining trust levels.
4. Public perception is shaped by media narratives, political stability, and historical context.
5. For example, despite economic prowess, Germany’s low trust levels demonstrate that perception can overshadow performance.