The United Nations is currently reviewing a draft political declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) ahead of its high-level meeting in September 2025. The draft calls for the elimination of trans-fatty acids from diets worldwide. However, over 100 experts and officials have raised concerns that this approach may harm nutrition in developing countries. They urge a clear distinction between industrial trans fats and naturally occurring trans fats found in animal-source foods such as milk and meat.
Recent Developments at the UN
The fourth UN General Assembly meeting on NCD prevention is scheduled for 25 September 2025. A draft resolution released in May is under member state review. The draft emphasises tobacco control, hypertension treatment, mental health, and the elimination of trans fats. Ahead of this, the UN High-Level Political Forum met in July 2025 to assess progress on Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing).
Concerns Over Trans Fat Elimination
Experts from agriculture, livestock, and health sectors warn that the draft’s call for total elimination of trans fats is problematic. Industrial trans fats, produced during food processing, are harmful to health. Naturally occurring trans fats in animal products do not show the same risk. Some studies even suggest possible health benefits from these natural trans fats.
Nutrition and Food Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Animal-source foods provide vital nutrients such as vitamins A and B12, calcium, iron, zinc, and riboflavin. Many developing countries have low consumption of dairy and meat, contributing to undernutrition. For example, average annual milk consumption in some countries is as low as one kilogram. Moderate intake of these foods supports child growth and overall nutrition.
Policy Recommendations from Experts
Signatories urge the UN to amend the draft to eliminate only industrial trans fats. They caution that a blanket ban could discourage consumption of nutritious animal-source foods. They advocate for promoting dietary diversity to improve nutrition and reduce NCD risks. The letter was coordinated by the International Livestock Research Institute and endorsed by the African Union’s Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources.
Key Commitments in the Draft Resolution
The draft calls for reducing unhealthy diets, overweight, and obesity by: – Eliminating trans-fatty acids – Reducing saturated fats, free sugars, and sodium in processed foods – Implementing front-of-pack labelling – Establishing public food procurement policies for healthy diets – Protecting children from harmful food marketing including digital media – Promoting optimal breastfeeding practices
Discrepancies in Language and Approach
The draft uses different terms for harmful substances – reducing tobacco, alcohol, and sugar, but eliminating trans fats. Experts argue this inconsistency is unfair and unfeasible. They show the need for nuanced language reflecting scientific evidence and nutritional realities, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Stakeholders and Signatories
The open letter was signed by 117 individuals from Africa, Europe, and the Americas. It includes government officials, scientists, and representatives from international organisations such as the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition and Heifer International. Their collective voice emphasises balancing public health goals with food security and nutrition needs.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically discuss the impact of industrially produced trans fats on public health and contrast it with naturally occurring trans fats in animal-source foods.
- Examine the role of animal-source foods in addressing malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries and analyse the challenges in promoting their consumption.
- Estimate the effectiveness of front-of-pack labelling and public food procurement policies in reducing non-communicable diseases globally.
- Point out the challenges in formulating international health policies that balance disease prevention with nutritional security in developing countries.
