The United Nations has raised alarm over the largest displacement of Palestinians in the West Bank since Israel’s occupation began nearly six decades ago. A military operation launched by Israel in January 2025 has forced tens of thousands from their homes. The situation has drawn international concern over possible ethnic cleansing and violations of human rights.
of Displacement
Since January 2025, Israel’s military operation named “Iron Wall” targeted northern West Bank areas. This has led to about 30,000 Palestinians being forcibly displaced. The operation is the longest military action in the region since the second Intifada in the early 2000s. The displacement affects several refugee camps and civilian populations extensively.
Scale and Impact of Home Demolitions
Israeli authorities issued demolition orders for approximately 1,400 homes in the northern West Bank during this period. Since October 2023, demolitions have displaced nearly 2,907 Palestinians across the West Bank. These demolitions contribute to the ongoing emptying of Palestinian areas, exacerbating humanitarian concerns.
Role of Israeli Settler Violence
Alongside military actions, Israeli settler violence has surged. In the first half of 2025, 757 settler attacks were recorded, marking a 13% increase from 2024. These attacks injured 96 Palestinians in June alone, the highest monthly toll in over twenty years. Nearly half of those displaced by settler violence are children.
Legal and Human Rights Implications
The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights warned that forced displacement by an occupying power may constitute unlawful transfer. This could amount to ethnic cleansing or even a crime against humanity under international law. The permanent removal of civilian populations from occupied territory is prohibited and closely monitored.
Violence and Casualties Since October 2023
The violence escalated after the October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. Since then, 964 Palestinians have died in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Israeli casualties total 53, with 35 killed in the West Bank and 18 in Israel. The conflict continues to fuel instability and suffering in the region.
Humanitarian Concerns and International Response
The displacement and violence have worsened living conditions for Palestinians, especially vulnerable groups like children and refugees. The UN and other international bodies have called for restraint and respect for human rights. The crisis remains a key issue in the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict and peace negotiations.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the causes and consequences of forced displacement in conflict zones with reference to international humanitarian law.
- Critically analyse the role of United Nations agencies in managing refugee crises and protecting human rights during prolonged conflicts.
- Estimate the impact of settler colonialism on indigenous populations and explain how international law addresses such issues with suitable examples.
- Underline the factors leading to protracted conflicts in the Middle East and discuss how global powers influence peace processes in the region.
