Recent events in southern Lebanon have intensified scrutiny on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). The peacekeeping mission has faced multiple attacks, including rocket and artillery fire. At least five peacekeepers were injured, prompting widespread international condemnation. India has deployed over 900 troops to UNIFIL, making it the second-largest troop contributor.
UNIFIL’s Role and Responsibilities
UNIFIL was established to monitor the Blue Line, a demarcation between Israel and Lebanon. It aims to maintain peace and security in the region. The mission consists of approximately 10,500 personnel from over 50 countries. A important aspect of UNIFIL’s operations involves collaboration with the Lebanese Armed Forces.
Recent Attacks and Their Impact
Since early October, UNIFIL has reported 20 attacks at eight locations. The attacks have raised concerns about the safety of peacekeepers. Notably. troops have not been directly injured. The nearest incident occurred about 25 km from India’s area of responsibility. This relative safety contrasts with the escalating violence elsewhere.
Response to Aggression
The question of self-defence for UNIFIL troops is complex. Major General (retd) AK Bardalai indicates that commanders have discretion in responding to threats. Generally, peacekeepers are advised to use force only when absolutely necessary. The ambiguous guidelines governing UN peacekeeping operations complicate decision-making in conflict situations.
The UNIFIL Mandate and Challenges
UNIFIL’s mandate includes monitoring the Blue Line and preventing hostilities. In recent weeks, rockets have been launched from Lebanon towards Israeli-occupied areas. Israel has retaliated with artillery fire. This cycle of violence puts stress on the challenges faced by UNIFIL in maintaining peace. The mission’s effectiveness is further complicated by the ongoing Hezbollah-Israel conflict.
International Support and Community Response
India, as a major troop-contributing country, has joined calls for the safety of peacekeepers. The Permanent Mission of India at the UN emphasised the importance of ensuring their security according to existing United Nations Security Council resolutions. The international community’s response reflects a shared commitment to supporting peacekeeping efforts in volatile regions.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of UN peacekeeping missions in conflict zones.
- What are the implications of the Blue Line for Israeli-Lebanese relations? Discuss.
- Estimate the effectiveness of India’s contribution to UN peacekeeping in Lebanon.
- Point out the challenges faced by international forces in maintaining peace in areas of conflict.
