The recently published report, ‘Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions’, emphasizes the urgent need for a significant decrease in methane emissions to stave off intensifying climate change issues. The Climate and Clean Air Coalition and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) put together this pivotal report.
About Methane
Methane (CH4), a simple hydrocarbon consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, exists in small amounts in Earth’s atmosphere. This powerful and flammable greenhouse gas is extensively used as fuel worldwide. Methane production occurs through the breakdown or decay of organic material, which can be introduced into the atmosphere through natural processes or human activities.
Impact of Methane on Climate
Being 84 times more potent than carbon but with a shorter atmospheric lifespan, methane becomes an essential target for swift global warming reduction efforts. Additionally, it contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone, a risky air pollutant.
Current Situation and Concerns
The current scenario reveals an alarming increase in human-caused methane emissions, the fastest since the 1980s. Despite a drop in carbon dioxide levels during the Covid-19 pandemic, atmospheric methane reached record levels last year, accounting for about 30% of warming since pre-industrial times.
Reducing Methane Emissions from Major Sources
Various sectors contribute to methane emissions. Fossil fuel industries, representing 23% of emissions, can implement low-cost methane cuts, making more gas available for sale. The waste sector, constituting 20% of emissions, can reduce its methane emissions via improved sewage disposal. In agriculture, changes in food waste management, livestock management, and diet adoption could reduce emissions by 65–80 million tonnes per year over the next few decades.
Region-wise Emission Reduction Potential
Every region has unique potential for curbing methane emissions. Europe can tackle emissions from farming, fossil fuel operations, and waste management. India’s greatest potential lies in reducing waste sector emissions, while in China, it is in coal production and livestock. Africa can significantly reduce emissions in livestock, followed by oil and gas.
Need and Benefits of Methane Emission Reduction
To avoid severe climate change effects, a 45% reduction in human-caused methane emissions is critical. Such a cut could prevent a rise in global warming by up to 0.3 degrees Celsius by 2045, meaning fewer premature deaths, asthma-related hospital visits, and crop losses.
Indian Initiatives to Control Methane Emissions
India is taking steps to address climate change and reduce emissions. Notable ventures include the development of a seaweed-based animal feed that reduces methane emissions from cattle and boosts immunity. The India Greenhouse Gas Program, the National Action Plan on Climate Change, and the adoption of Bharat Stage-VI norms are proactive measures.
About Climate and Clean Air Coalition and UNEP
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition, launched in 2019, is a voluntary collaboration committed to improving air quality and protecting the climate. Similarly, UNEP, established in 1972, serves as a global environmental authority, promoting sustainable development and global environment protection.
