The water storage situation in India has reached a critical point. Recent data indicates a continuous decline in the levels of major reservoirs across the country. This trend reflects the impact of deficient post-monsoon and winter rainfall. The Central Water Commission (CWC) reported that the storage in 155 major reservoirs has decreased for the twelfth consecutive week.
Current Water Storage Levels
As of now, the total water storage in these reservoirs stands at 66% of their total capacity. This equals approximately 119.505 billion cubic metres (BCM) out of a total capacity of 180.852 BCM. Although this is an improvement compared to last year and the ten-year average, the situation remains alarming.
Deficient Rainfall Statistics
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has reported that 83% of the country has experienced deficient rainfall from January 1 to January 24. Over 60% of the regions have reported scanty post-monsoon rainfall. The winter rainfall for January is noted to be 62% below normal.
Regional Water Storage Analysis
In the northern region, the storage is at 38% of the total capacity. The Thein dam in Punjab is particularly concerning, with levels dropping to 18%. In contrast, Rajasthan has fared better, with reservoirs at 68% capacity. The eastern region’s storage is at 63.64%, with Bihar’s lone dam at 25% capacity. In the western region, the situation is more favourable, with 78% storage across 50 reservoirs. Madhya Pradesh shows better levels at 73%. In the southern region, the overall storage is at 66%. Tamil Nadu’s dams are filled to 86%, while Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have levels of 77% and 74%, respectively.
Future Rainfall Predictions
The IMD has forecasted below-normal rainfall until February 5. This prediction raises concerns about further declines in water storage levels in the coming weeks. The implications of continued deficient rainfall could be severe for agriculture and water supply across the country.
Implications of Water Storage Decline
The decline in water storage can have ramifications. It affects agricultural productivity, drinking water supply, and hydropower generation. Regions heavily reliant on these reservoirs may face water scarcity and economic challenges.
Government and Policy Responses
In light of the situation, government agencies are likely to consider measures for water conservation and management. Policies may focus on improving irrigation techniques and enhancing rainwater harvesting to mitigate the impact of deficient rainfall.
Monitoring and Data Collection
Continuous monitoring of reservoir levels and rainfall patterns is essential. The CWC and IMD play crucial roles in providing data that informs policy decisions and public awareness.
Public Awareness and Community Engagement
Engaging communities in water conservation efforts can also play a critical role. Public awareness campaigns can help promote sustainable water use practices.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the impact of deficient rainfall on India’s agricultural sector.
- What are the key factors contributing to water scarcity in India? Discuss with examples.
- Estimate the potential consequences of continued water storage decline on urban areas in India.
- Point out the role of government agencies in managing water resources during times of drought.
Answer Hints:
1. Critically analyse the impact of deficient rainfall on India’s agricultural sector.
- Deficient rainfall leads to reduced soil moisture, impacting crop yields negatively.
- Farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture face increased risk of crop failure and economic loss.
- Lower agricultural productivity can lead to food shortages and increased market prices.
- Regions like Punjab and Haryana, known for wheat cultivation, are particularly vulnerable.
- Adverse effects on livestock and dairy farming due to scarcity of fodder and water.
2. What are the key factors contributing to water scarcity in India? Discuss with examples.
- Deficient rainfall patterns, as seen this year with 83% of the country reporting scanty rainfall.
- Over-extraction of groundwater, particularly in states like Punjab and Rajasthan.
- Poor water management practices and lack of infrastructure for rainwater harvesting.
- Increased demand for water due to population growth and urbanization, especially in cities like Delhi.
- Climate change impacts, leading to unpredictable weather patterns and droughts.
3. Estimate the potential consequences of continued water storage decline on urban areas in India.
- Urban water supply may become unreliable, affecting daily life and sanitation.
- Increased competition for water resources can lead to conflicts among urban and rural areas.
- Economic activities may be hampered, particularly industries reliant on water for operations.
- Public health risks may rise due to inadequate water for hygiene and sanitation.
- Potential for increased migration from water-scarce areas to urban centers, causing overcrowding.
4. Point out the role of government agencies in managing water resources during times of drought.
- Agencies like the Central Water Commission (CWC) monitor water levels and provide data for decision-making.
- Implementation of water conservation policies and promotion of efficient irrigation techniques.
- Coordination with state governments to ensure equitable distribution of water resources.
- Initiatives for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge programs to mitigate drought impacts.
- Public awareness campaigns to educate communities about water conservation practices.
