Wayanad Landslides Declared Severe Disaster by Centre

The Wayanad landslides, which occurred on July 30, 2023, have been officially recognised as a disaster of “severe nature” by the Government of India. This declaration comes five months after the catastrophic event that resulted in over 200 fatalities, numerous injuries, and the displacement of thousands. The landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall, marking one of Kerala’s most devastating natural disasters. The Centre’s decision has been welcomed by local political leaders, denoting the need for effective rehabilitation and financial support for the victims.

Impact of the Landslides

The landslides in Wayanad severely affected the local population. Many families lost their homes and livelihoods. The disaster caused infrastructural damage, disrupting transport and communication. Immediate action is required to restore normalcy in the affected areas.

Government Response

The Union home ministry has communicated with the Kerala government regarding the disaster. Initial financial aid will be sourced from the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF). Additional support will come from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) after assessments by an Inter-Ministerial Central Team (IMCT). This systematic approach is crucial for effective disaster management.

Rehabilitation Efforts

Rehabilitation of the affected population is a priority. Local leaders, including Wayanad MP Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, have called for swift allocation of funds. Timely financial assistance is essential for rebuilding lives and infrastructure. Community support and government initiatives must work in tandem for effective recovery.

Criticism of Delayed Action

The delay in declaring the landslides a severe disaster faced criticism from the state administration and local representatives. There were concerns about the lack of immediate financial support for victims. This situation puts stress on the importance of prompt government action in disaster scenarios.

Future Preparedness

The Wayanad landslide disaster marks the need for improved disaster preparedness in Kerala. Enhanced forecasting and risk assessment can mitigate the impact of natural calamities. Community awareness and training are also vital for effective response during emergencies.

Environmental Considerations

The role of environmental factors in the Wayanad landslides is . Deforestation and land degradation may have exacerbated the disaster. Sustainable land management practices must be adopted to prevent future occurrences.

Conclusion

The Wayanad landslides serve as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of certain regions to natural disasters. The government’s response and rehabilitation efforts will be crucial in determining the long-term recovery of the affected communities.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the role of government in disaster management in India.
2. What are the environmental impacts of frequent landslides? Explain with suitable examples.
3. Explain the significance of the National Disaster Response Fund in disaster recovery efforts.
4. Comment on the socio-economic challenges faced by communities affected by natural disasters.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the role of government in disaster management in India.

1. The government has established frameworks like the National Disaster Management Act (2005) for coordinated disaster response.
2. Disaster management involves preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation strategies at both state and national levels.
3. The role of local authorities is crucial in implementing policies and providing immediate relief to affected communities.
4. Financial support mechanisms, such as the SDRF and NDRF, are essential for effective disaster recovery and rehabilitation.
5. Criticism often arises regarding delays in response and inadequate funding, denoting the need for timely action and better preparedness.

2. What are the environmental impacts of frequent landslides? Explain with suitable examples.

1. Landslides can lead to soil erosion, resulting in loss of fertile land and degradation of ecosystems.
2. They disrupt local water systems, affecting water quality and availability for both human and wildlife populations.
3. Frequent landslides can lead to habitat destruction, threatening biodiversity and leading to the extinction of certain species.
4. Examples include the Wayanad landslides, where deforestation increased vulnerability to such disasters.
5. They also contribute to increased sedimentation in rivers, which can impact aquatic life and alter river dynamics.

3. Explain the significance of the National Disaster Response Fund in disaster recovery efforts.

1. The NDRF provides essential financial support for immediate relief and recovery operations during and after disasters.
2. It ensures a systematic approach to disaster management, allowing for quick mobilization of resources and aid.
3. The fund is crucial for long-term rehabilitation efforts, helping affected communities rebuild their lives and infrastructure.
4. It plays a vital role in funding assessments and evaluations conducted by Inter-Ministerial Central Teams (IMCTs).
5. By facilitating inter-state and central assistance, the NDRF enhances collaboration between various government levels in disaster response.

4. Comment on the socio-economic challenges faced by communities affected by natural disasters.

1. Natural disasters lead to loss of lives and injuries, creating immediate humanitarian crises in affected communities.
2. Displacement disrupts livelihoods, leading to long-term economic instability and loss of income for families.
3. Infrastructure damage hampers access to essential services like healthcare, education, and transportation.
4. Social fabric can be strained as communities grapple with trauma and loss, affecting mental health and community cohesion.
5. Rehabilitation efforts often face delays and funding shortages, prolonging recovery and exacerbating socio-economic challenges.