The recent fluctuations in weather conditions, particularly an unexpected rise in temperature in February and unforeseen bouts of rain, strong winds, and hail in March have sparked concern among farmers about prospective reductions in crop yield, output, and wheat quality. Such disruptions in the weather are heavily influenced by western disturbances in key wheat-producing areas.
Impact of Untimely Rains and Winds on Wheat Crops
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has reported that these rains, accompanied by winds ranging between 40-50 kilometers per hour, can be harmful to crop health. This is especially true if these events take place during the ripening and harvesting stages. Crop flattening and waterlogging have been observed, which may further harm the wheat crop that’s ready for harvest.
The Effects on Production
As per research studies, the recent unanticipated rains could result in India’s wheat production in the agricultural year of 2022-23 standing at 102.9 MT. This is less than the Union government’s estimate of 112 MT. Nevertheless, the Centre remains hopeful that wheat production will come close to 112 MT due to expanded acreage and improved yield this season despite slight production losses from adverse weather.
Implications for Price and Foodgrain Security
If India’s wheat production falls below the government’s forecast, the country could experience a surge in the cost of wheat and wheat-based products. In addition, a decline in wheat production could potentially pose a foodgrain security challenge.
About Wheat
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in India following rice and is a crucial food crop in the northern and north-western regions of the country. It’s a rabi crop, necessitating a cool growing season and plentiful sunlight during ripening.
Key Details regarding Wheat
The Green Revolution significantly contributed to the advancement of Rabi crops, particularly wheat. Fertile loamy and clayey loamy soils are ideal for wheat cultivation. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, and Gujarat are top wheat-producing states.
Status of Indian Wheat Production and Export
India is the world’s second largest wheat producer after China but contributes less than 1% to the global wheat trade. It retains a majority of its produce to supply subsidized food for the underprivileged. The primary export markets for India include Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Government Initiatives for Wheat Cultivation
The government has introduced initiatives such as Macro Management Mode of Agriculture, National Food Security Mission, and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana to support wheat cultivation.
About Western Disturbances
Western disturbances are storms originating in the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea that bring non-monsoonal rainfall to northwest India. These disturbances, classified as extra-tropical storms from the Mediterranean, come with rain, snow, and fog. They derive their moisture from the Mediterranean Sea and/or the Atlantic Ocean. They are essential for the development of the Rabi crop in the Northern subcontinent but can also cause extreme weather events like floods, flash floods, landslides, dust storms, hailstorms, and cold waves.
