The Hariri Tribunal, officially known as the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), has the unique distinction of being the first international criminal tribunal tasked with prosecuting acts of terrorism. It was set up to investigate and prosecute those responsible for the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, who was killed in a massive car bombing in Beirut on February 14, 2005, an attack that also claimed the lives of 21 other individuals. As the tribunal faces financial challenges amid Lebanon’s economic crisis, the Lebanese government has appealed to the United Nations for financial assistance to ensure the continuation of its operations.
Establishment of the Hariri Tribunal
The STL was established on March 1, 2009, by an agreement between the United Nations and the Lebanese Republic following a request by the Lebanese government. This was further endorsed by a UN Security Council resolution. The tribunal is headquartered in Leidschendam, near The Hague, in the Netherlands. Its mandate is to hold trials for those accused of involvement in the attack. Unlike other international tribunals, the STL operates under the legal framework of Lebanese criminal law, but it incorporates international legal standards and practices.
Unique Features of the STL
The STL stands out as the first international tribunal with the primary mandate of prosecuting terrorism, under the definition provided in Lebanese law. This focus marks a significant development in international criminal justice, as it navigates the complex intersection of national and international law in the context of terrorism. The STL also employs a blend of Lebanese and international judges and applies a mix of Lebanese and international legal principles.
Funding of the Tribunal
Since its inception, the funding of the STL has been a shared responsibility. Approximately half of the tribunal’s budget is covered by voluntary contributions from other countries, while the Lebanese government is expected to finance the remaining half. However, the severe economic downturn in Lebanon has put a strain on its ability to fulfill its funding obligations. The tribunal’s budget is crucial for its operations, including investigations, court proceedings, and administrative functions.
Lebanon’s Economic Crisis and Impact on the STL
Lebanon is currently experiencing a profound economic crisis, described by the World Bank as one of the worst in modern times. The Lebanese pound has lost a significant portion of its value, and the country is grappling with hyperinflation, soaring unemployment, and a banking sector in distress. This dire economic situation has led to concerns about the government’s capacity to sustain its share of funding for the STL.
Call for UN Financial Support
In light of these challenges, the Lebanese government has reached out to the United Nations, seeking financial support to maintain the tribunal’s operations. The request underscores the importance of the STL’s work and the need for international cooperation to ensure that justice is served. The Lebanese government’s appeal to the UN indicates the recognition of the STL’s role in combating impunity for acts of terrorism and its contribution to the rule of law both in Lebanon and internationally.
Future of the STL
The future of the STL hinges on the resolution of its financial difficulties. Without the necessary funds, the tribunal may be unable to continue its critical work of investigating and prosecuting those responsible for the assassination of Rafic Hariri and related crimes. The Lebanese government’s call for assistance is a stark reminder of the broader implications of Lebanon’s economic crisis and the potential impact on international legal efforts. The international community’s response to this appeal will be pivotal in determining the ability of the STL to fulfill its mandate and contribute to the global fight against terrorism.