The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently released a report on the widespread and severe impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This report, titled “Invisible Numbers — The True Extent of Non-communicable Diseases and What To Do About Them”, reveals alarming statistics about the global prevalence and death rates related to NCDs.
The Report’s Key Findings
The WHO report provides critical insights into the devastating effects of NCDs worldwide. One person dies every two seconds from an NCD before reaching the age of 70, with a staggering 86% of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, one third of deaths globally, or 17.9 million people annually, are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Unfortunately, many people with hypertension, a significant factor in CVDs, remain unaware of their condition.
Major NCDs Outlined in the Report
Amongst the most common NCDs are diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Diabetes is responsible for one in 28 deaths globally, or around 2 million people annually. Cancer is an even more significant cause of death, being responsible for one in six deaths, or 9.3 million people each year. Chronic respiratory diseases also contribute significantly to the global death toll.
The Impact of COVID-19 on NCD Care
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the challenges faced by those suffering from NCDs. 75% of countries reported disruptions to essential NCD services during the early months of the pandemic. Hazards of NCDs have become even more evident as only a few countries are on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature NCD deaths by a third by 2030.
Understanding Non-Communicable Diseases
NCDs, or chronic diseases, are typically long-lasting and result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioural factors. The main types include CVDs, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
India’s Battle with NCDs
In India, NCDs were responsible for over 60.46 lakh deaths in 2019. Several initiatives have been launched to combat these diseases, including the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), the implementation of the Strengthening of Tertiary Care Cancer facilities scheme, and the establishment of Jan Aushadhi stores to provide affordable generic medicines.
Global Agenda for Sustainable Development
To curb the rise of NCDs, global leaders have pledged to develop ambitious national responses by 2030. The WHO is leading the coordination and promotion of this global fight against NCDs.
The Need for Robust Health Systems
The WHO report underscores the urgent need for robust health systems to promote health, detect and control risk factors early and effectively, treat disease cost-effectively, and prevent early deaths. It calls for a higher priority to be given to NCDs in financial allocations and health system-strengthening initiatives, with a strong emphasis on primary care.
UPSC Civil Services Examination Question
A previous UPSC examination question asked about the concerns regarding the use of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in household items such as mattresses and upholstery. BFRs are highly resistant to environmental degradation and can accumulate in humans and animals, posing significant health risks.