Why Justin Trudeau Resigns as Prime Minister of Canada?

Justin Trudeau announced his resignation as Prime Minister of Canada on January 6, 2025. This decision comes amid growing pressure and declining popularity. Trudeau’s leadership has been challenged by internal party conflicts and external political pressures. His resignation raises questions about the future of the Liberal Party and the timing of the next federal election.

Context of Resignation

Trudeau’s resignation follows months of mounting pressure. His deputy, Chrystia Freeland, resigned on December 16, 2024, citing policy disagreements. This departure intensified speculation about Trudeau’s leadership. The Liberal Party has faced declining approval ratings, with polls indicating only 28% support for Trudeau’s re-election.

Internal Party Dynamics

Trudeau’s leadership has been marred by internal strife. The New Democratic Party (NDP), once an ally, has turned against him. NDP leader Jagmeet Singh has openly criticised Trudeau, labelling him a failed leader. The NDP withdrew support for the Liberal government, complicating Trudeau’s ability to pass legislation. This withdrawal culminated in Singh’s announcement of a no-confidence vote against the government.

Historical Context

Trudeau first became Prime Minister in 2015, promising progressive policies. His government focused on women’s rights and climate action. However, the challenges of governance during the pandemic and rising inflation have strained his administration. The Liberal Party’s popularity has plummeted, reflecting growing public dissatisfaction.

Future of the Liberal Party

Trudeau’s resignation raises questions about the Liberal Party’s future. An interim leader will be appointed until a new leader is elected. Organising a leadership convention could take months. If an election is called before this process concludes, the party risks being led by an interim leader not chosen by its members.

Implications for Canadian Politics

Trudeau’s departure could trigger an early election. The Conservatives, led by Pierre Poilievre, are currently favoured in the polls. Trudeau’s government has struggled with rising political divisiveness and economic challenges, including a housing crisis and inflation. The potential for a no-confidence vote adds urgency to the situation.

Economic Challenges

Trudeau’s government has faced criticism over its handling of economic issues. Rising inflation and a housing crisis have been points of contention. The Liberal Party’s policies have been scrutinised as public dissatisfaction with economic management grows. The impending economic protectionism from the US further complicates the Liberal government’s position.

Next Steps for Trudeau

Trudeau’s resignation as party leader is expected to lead to a transitional phase for the Liberal Party. If a no-confidence vote occurs, the Liberals may lose power without NDP support. Alternatively, Trudeau could prorogue Parliament to avoid the vote. This decision would allow the current government to maintain its policies temporarily.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the impact of Justin Trudeau’s leadership on the Liberal Party’s electoral prospects.
2. Discuss the role of the New Democratic Party in shaping Canadian politics under Trudeau’s government.
3. Critically discuss the economic challenges faced by Canada during Trudeau’s tenure as Prime Minister.
4. With suitable examples, analyse the implications of internal party conflicts on governance in a parliamentary system.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the impact of Justin Trudeau’s leadership on the Liberal Party’s electoral prospects.

1. Trudeau’s approval ratings have plummeted to historic lows, indicating a loss of public support.
2. The Liberal Party’s recent polls show only 28% support, trailing behind the Conservatives.
3. Internal conflicts, including the NDP’s withdrawal of support, have weakened the party’s legislative power.
4. Trudeau’s resignation may signal a need for new leadership to revitalize the party’s image.
5. His tenure has been characterized by promises of progressive policies, but public dissatisfaction has grown amid economic challenges.

2. Discuss the role of the New Democratic Party in shaping Canadian politics under Trudeau’s government.

1. The NDP initially supported Trudeau’s government, enabling the passage of key legislation through confidence motions.
2. Under Jagmeet Singh, the NDP has shifted to a more adversarial stance, criticizing Trudeau’s leadership and policies.
3. The withdrawal of NDP support has created challenges for the Liberal government, complicating its ability to govern effectively.
4. Singh’s announcement of a no-confidence vote reflects the NDP’s strategic positioning as a challenger to the Liberals.
5. The NDP’s actions illustrate the importance of coalition dynamics in Canadian parliamentary politics.

3. Critically discuss the economic challenges faced by Canada during Trudeau’s tenure as Prime Minister.

1. Trudeau’s government has been criticized for rising inflation, which has eroded public trust.
2. The housing crisis, characterized by skyrocketing prices and homelessness, has been issue during his tenure.
3. Economic protectionism from the U.S. poses additional challenges for Canadian trade and economic stability.
4. Public dissatisfaction with economic management has led to declining approval ratings for Trudeau and the Liberal Party.
5. COVID-19 pandemic impacts have exacerbated existing economic issues, complicating recovery efforts.

4. With suitable examples, analyse the implications of internal party conflicts on governance in a parliamentary system.

1. Internal party conflicts can lead to weakened leadership, as seen with Trudeau’s declining support within the Liberal Party.
2. The NDP’s withdrawal of support illustrates how coalition agreements can unravel, impacting legislative stability.
3. Trudeau’s inability to manage internal dissent has resulted in calls for his resignation and challenges in passing key legislation.
4. Conflicts can result in a loss of public confidence, as observed with Trudeau’s plummeting approval ratings.
5. Such dynamics can lead to calls for early elections, as parties reassess their leadership and strategies in response to internal dissent.