India’s development in 2025 marks the central role of women in science, health, agriculture, and entrepreneurship. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasises that women’s well-being sustains families and the nation. Women are not just participants but key drivers of India’s growth, shaping sectors from healthcare to space exploration.
Women in Healthcare and Primary Services
Women form the backbone of India’s healthcare system. Over 10 lakh Asha workers serve as first responders during health crises. Female scientists at institutions like the Indian Council of Medical Research and AIIMS played a vital role in isolating the Covid-19 virus. Their work enabled India’s large-scale vaccination drive, delivering over two billion doses.
Women in Agriculture and Biotechnology
More than 60% of female workers in India are engaged in agriculture. Many have adopted biotech innovations to improve drought resilience and crop protection. Women lead startups in affordable diagnostics, genomics, and vaccine development. This reflects a growing presence in biotech entrepreneurship and rural innovation.
Government Initiatives Supporting Women’s Empowerment
Schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Mission Shakti promote gender equality. The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam guarantees one-third of Parliament seats for women, enhancing political representation. Financial inclusion is strong, with women holding 56% of over 56 crore Jan Dhan accounts. Mudra Yojana has disbursed 70% of its 52 crore loans to women entrepreneurs.
Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
India leads globally with 43% of STEM graduates being women, surpassing the US and EU averages. However, only 19% of women STEM graduates work in research and development roles. Programmes like WISE-KIRAN help women scientists return after career breaks. Women scientists have directed key space missions such as Chandrayaan-2 and the Mars Orbiter Mission.
Leadership in Biotechnology and Innovation
Women are emerging as leaders in biotech entrepreneurship. The Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) has recognised over 75 women entrepreneurs. Globally, women hold less than 20% of biotech leadership roles, positioning India as a benchmark for inclusivity. Women are advancing genomics, molecular diagnostics, and biologics, shaping affordable healthcare delivery.
Future Outlook and National Vision
The future of India’s science and technology sectors depends on women’s full participation. Leadership across sectors must ensure women scientists, health workers, and entrepreneurs receive visibility, resources, and empowerment. Innovation thrives from grassroots to boardrooms, driven by perseverance and opportunity. Women’s leadership will define India’s rise in health security, food resilience, space, and digital technologies.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss in the light of India’s development, how women’s empowerment influences health, agriculture, and science sectors.
- Critically examine the role of government schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana in promoting financial inclusion and entrepreneurship among women.
- Explain the challenges and opportunities for women in STEM education and research in India. How can policy interventions enhance their participation?
- With suitable examples, discuss the impact of women’s leadership in biotechnology and space missions on India’s global scientific standing.
