Every year, World Population Day is marked on 11th July, intending to shed light on pressing population issues worldwide. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) recommended this observance in 1989, inspired by the public interest raised on “Five Billion Day” when the world’s population reached five billion on July 11, 1987. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), a sexual and reproductive health subsidiary of the UN General Assembly, plays an essential role in creating awareness about these issues.
The 2020 Theme: Women’s Health amidst the Pandemic
The theme for 2020 was “How to safeguard the health and rights of women and girls amid the Covid-19 pandemic.” Various reports have indicated a global increase in instances of domestic violence during lockdown periods. The National Commission for Women in India reported a considerable rise in complaints related to domestic violence.
The Impact of Pandemic on Women’s Access to Contraceptives
A study conducted by the UNFPA indicated that 47 million women in low- and middle-income countries might lose access to modern contraceptives if lockdown-like disruptions persist for another six months. This scenario could result in millions of unintended pregnancies and a surge in gender-based violence.
Economic Aftermath of Covid-19 on Women
Moreover, the economic fallout of the Covid-19 crisis severely affects women. Approximately 60% of women worldwide earn their living by working in the informal sector, as per the report, are thus susceptible to income loss during such crises.
Population Concerns in India
India, with only 2% of the world’s landmass, is home to 16% of the global population, making it the world’s second-most populous country with a population estimated at 1.37 billion by 2019. Factors contributing to this population explosion include poverty, illiteracy, and cultural norms of having more children for support in old age and increased earnings.
Education and Fertility Rates
Evidence suggests that the education level of women has a direct impact on fertility rates. Illiterate women tend to have higher fertility rates compared to their literate counterparts, mainly because lack of education restricts their knowledge about contraceptives and the implications of frequent childbirth.
Total Fertility Rate in India
India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR), the average number of children born to women during their reproductive years, is decreasing but remains above the national average of 2.2 in poorer states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Jharkhand.
Youth Unemployment: Demographic Dividend or Disaster
High youth unemployment is converting India’s demographic dividend into a potential disaster. However, if equipped with quality education and proper skills training, the youth could significantly contribute to the country’s economic development.
UNFPA and Sustainable Development Goals
Essentially, UNFPA works towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to health, education, and gender equality. In keeping with its objectives, the organization recently released the State of the World Population 2020 report.
Way Forward: Family Planning
Family planning proves an effective tool in managing population growth. Governments at all levels, civil societies, businesses, and individuals must promote awareness about sexual and reproductive rights and encourage contraception use for a balanced population rise.
Harnessing Population Growth for Economic Benefit
A well-planned strategy is crucial to maximize population growth’s economic benefits. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, gender equality, economic growth, among others, proves critical for a better future on a healthy planet.