The Parliament of India houses the voice of people and takes decisions that are crucial to the progress of the nation. Members of Parliament (MPs), the Speaker of Lok Sabha, and the Chairman of Rajya Sabha play pivotal roles in this democratic process. The rules guiding their conduct and the systemic procedures they adhere to like Rule 374A, Rule 255 and Rule 256, among others, ensure that parliamentary proceedings run smoothly.
Frequent Suspension of Members of Parliament
In the winter session of Parliament in 2023, 146 MPs faced suspensions. This action was taken in response to their disruption of Parliamentary proceedings, protesting against a breach of security within the Parliament. But why would MPs, who are essentially representatives of the people and their interests, disrupt Parliament?
According to the analysis done by political leaders and presiding officers, there are primarily four reasons:
1. MPs often do not have enough opportunity to address crucial matters.
2. The government sometimes does not respond quickly or adequately to important issues.
3. Some parties intentionally cause disturbances for their own political gain or for publicity.
4. There is often a delay in taking strict action against the MPs who interrupt parliamentary proceedings.
Role of the Presiding Officer in Suspension of MPs
Preserving order so that the House can function effectively is the primary role of the Presiding Officer, which includes the Speaker of Lok Sabha and Chairman of Rajya Sabha. To ensure proper proceedings, these officials have the power to compel a Member to leave the House if necessary.
Rules Governing Suspension of MPs
The conduct of Parliament business and the actions of its members is governed by several rules.
In the Lok Sabha, under Rule 373, the Speaker can direct a member to immediately withdraw from the house if their conduct is disorderly. Under Rule 374, the Speaker can suspend a member who repeatedly and wilfully obstructs House business. Rule 374A, added in December 2001, allows for automatic suspension of a member for five consecutive sittings or for the remainder of the session, in case of severe transgressions.
In the Rajya Sabha, under Rule 255, the Chairman can ask any Member displaying grossly disorderly conduct to leave immediately. Rule 256 allows the Chairman to name and subsequently suspend a Member who repeatedly obstructs House proceedings.
Drawbacks of the Suspension of MPs
Suspending MPs is a serious measure taken to maintain decorum in the House. However, this action has several disadvantages:
– It silences the representation and voice of the people who elected the suspended MPs.
– It reduces the opportunity for substantial debate and discussion on crucial matters.
– The suspension undermines the opposition’s role as a responsible partner in the parliamentary process.
– It creates a trust deficit and hostility between ruling and opposition parties.
– The act of suspension erodes the spirit of collaboration crucial to a healthy democracy and can set a negative precedent.
– It may also be seen as an abuse of power by the majority party, weakening the institution of Parliament and posing a threat to the federal structure and diversity of India.
Way Forward
Several steps could be taken to improve the current scenario. The government should respond to opposition concerns promptly and respectfully and avoid the use of suspension as a tool to suppress dissent. The authority of presiding officers to maintain order should be enhanced, and they should impose stricter penalties for offenders. Dialogue and consensus-building should be encouraged, and MPs should be made aware of their roles and responsibilities.
The UPSC Civil Services Examination includes questions related to parliamentary conduct and proceedings. An example of a previous year’s question on the role of the Lok Sabha speaker demonstrates the depth of knowledge required for these examinations. The candidate is expected to know the election procedure, term of service, and resignation process. Understanding the Indian Constitution’s provisions around joint sessions of Parliament is also essential.
Last Modified: February 22, 2024