The momentous announcement of the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize being conferred upon Abiy Ahmed Ali, the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, has caught the world’s attention. He was awarded for his determined pursuit of peace, culminating in the resolution of the long-standing border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. His efforts have rekindled hope in a region that had been embroiled in strife and turmoil for over two decades.
Backdrop of the Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict
In 1993, Eritrea, a multiethnic territory situated strategically at the mouth of the Red Sea on the Horn of Africa, gained independence from Ethiopia. This marked the end of a gruelling 30-year war against Ethiopian annexation since 1962. However, the seeds of conflict were far from eradicated. In less than six years, a dispute over the control of Badme, an inconsequential border town, escalated into full-fledged hostilities between the two nations.
The situation worsened into a refugee emergency, driving thousands of Eritreans to seek sanctuary in Europe. A bid for peace was initiated in June 2000, with the signing of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities followed by a Peace Agreement. These agreements intended to halt the war and establish a Boundary Commission to resolve the territorial dispute.
The Persisting Border Disputes and Continuous Clashes
In 2002, the Boundary Commission delivered its verdict, awarding Badme to Eritrea. Although the decision was deemed “final and binding”, Ethiopia did not comply, effectively maintaining the border contention alive and leading to sporadic clashes and tension in the region. That changed when Abiy Ahmed assumed office and displayed unprecedented commitment to peace, breaking the deadlock that had lasted nearly two decades.
In compliance with the 2000 agreement terms, he announced Ethiopia’s commitment to peace and the end of hostilities. His approach was a breath of fresh air in an area previously characterized by ongoing strife.
The Road to Peace: Ethiopia and Eritrea
| Key Players | Action | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia | Accepted the 2000 Peace Agreement | End of hostilities and access to Eritrean ports |
| Eritrea | Received Badme as part of the Peace Agreement | End of continuous war and potential for economic recovery |
During the prolonged conflict with Eritrea, Ethiopia, being landlocked, had heavily relied on Djibouti for maritime access. The peace settlement allowed Ethiopia to utilize Eritrean ports, diversifying its maritime options and lessening its dependence on Djibouti.
Economic Impact and Human Rights Violations of the Conflict
Eritrea suffered economic stagnation due to the prolonged conflict and strained relations with Ethiopia. War-induced isolation exacerbated the country’s socio-economic challenges, blemishing its international standing.
The United Nations Human Rights Commission repeatedly reprimanded Eritrea for human rights violations conducted within its borders. With the cessation of active hostilities and renewed diplomatic ties with Ethiopia, Eritrea has a chance to rebuild its economy and mend its international reputation.
