The scientific world is abuzz after the recent discovery of two nearly perfect cave lion cubs, Boris and Sparta, preserved in Siberia’s permafrost. Dating back to 28,000 years ago, these specimens provide a fascinating glimpse into our planet’s past. Notably, the cubs were born thousands of years apart and hailed from different litters, despite being discovered only metres apart.
Understanding The Cave Lion
The prehistoric Cave Lion, often referred to as the Mega-Lion, held its reign during the last Ice Age (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) primarily in what we now know as Europe. Historically classified as a lion subspecies, it became extinct approximately 14,000 years ago. The Cave Lion was a common sight across northern Eurasia and North America and was one of the most notable predators of the last Ice age.
Prominent for their hunting prowess, Cave Lions stalked ice age deer, bison, and other animals. Exhibiting impressive speed, agility and strength they were ambush predators, often lying low before bursting onto their unsuspecting prey. However, true to feline nature, despite their imposing size and power, they were not equipped for long-distance chases. Standing at a length of 3 meters and weighing approximately 340 kilos, the Cave Lion remains the largest known cat species that ever existed.
The Significance of the Discovery
Over time, there has been a surge in such discoveries within Russia’s immense Siberian region. This is largely attributed to climate change, which has accelerated warming in Arctic regions, causing areas previously locked in permafrost to thaw.
Exploring Permafrost
Permafrost refers to ground that remains entirely frozen – at or below 32°F (0°C) – for at least two consecutive years. It constitutes a mixture of rocks, sand, and soil, bound together by ice. Typically found in regions having high mountains or located close to the North and South Poles, permafrost underlies almost a quarter of the Northern Hemisphere’s land area. Although these grounds remain perennially frozen, they are not always covered in snow.
The Impact of Thawing Permafrost
The thawing of permafrost carries significant implications for both the environment and human habitats. Many villages have been constructed on permafrost, which, when frozen, is harder than concrete. However, the thawing process can undermine this solid foundation, leading to the destruction of houses, roads, and other infrastructure.
Moreover, as permafrost thaws, the decomposition of organic materials by microbes begins, releasing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. This contributes to further global warming.
There is also a potential health risk associated with the thawing process. The release of ancient bacteria and viruses, previously locked within the ice and soil, poses a potential threat to the health of humans and animals. Recent findings, such as Boris and Sparta, are therefore potent symbols of our changing world and provide valuable insights into the complexities of our past and future environment.
