For prelims, it’s important to have an understanding of the Houthi rebels in Yemen and the geographical locations of various Middle Eastern countries, particularly in West Asia.
India’s Role in Saudi-Iran Relations: Policies and Politics
In this context, the role of India in Saudi-Iran relations holds significant importance. The effects of policies and politics of these countries have considerable implications on India’s interests.
Recent Developments: Restoration of Saudi-Iran Diplomatic Ties
Recently, Saudi and Iranian officials held bilateral talks that concluded with an agreement to restore diplomatic ties which had been severed since 2016. This major diplomatic breakthrough was negotiated by China in Beijing. Diverse diplomatic efforts have been initiated to end a prolonged war in Yemen, a conflict where both Iran and Saudi Arabia play significant roles.
Outcomes and Impact of the Bilateral Talks
Following the talks, the two countries plan to reopen their respective embassies in Tehran and Riyadh. They pledged to respect countries’ sovereignty and not interfere in internal affairs. They agreed to activate a 2001 security cooperation agreement, as well as an economy, trade, and investment agreement signed in 1998.
Understanding the Conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia
The conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia is shaped by religious factors, attacks on Saudi Arabia, a regional cold war, proxy wars, and the struggle over who is the leader of the Islamic world.
Potential Global Implications of the Saudi-Iran Agreement
The deal may have far-reaching implications for US-led efforts to isolate Iran economically through sanctions. It might draw Saudi investment inside Iran. In Yemen, the Saudis have been backing the internationally recognised government in an eight-year civil war against Iranian-backed Houthi rebels. The deal may also disturb Israeli politicians who have sought global isolation for Iran.
Possible Implications for India
The Iran-Saudi Arabia deal could affect India’s energy security, trade, regional stability, and geopolitics. Normalising ties between these two countries could stabilise global oil prices, open up new avenues for Indian trade, contribute to greater stability in the Middle East, reduce the risk of conflict and terrorism, and enhance Indian efforts to promote peace in the region.
India’s Role and Way Forward
India can foster dialogue and cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia, contributing to regional stability. However, India must remain vigilant about increasing Chinese influence in the region and secure its strategic interests in the Middle East.
Previous Year Questions in UPSC Civil Services Examination
1. Which one of the following countries of South-West Asia does not open out to the Mediterranean Sea? (2015) (a) Syria(b) Jordan(c) Lebanon(d) Israel.
2. Which of the following is not a member of ‘Gulf Cooperation Council’? (2016) (a) Iran(b) Saudi Arabia(c) Oman(d) Kuwait.
3. What is the importance of developing Chabahar Port by India? (2017) (a) India’s trade with African countries will enormously increase.(b) India’s relations with oil-producing Arab countries will be strengthened.(c) India will not depend on Pakistan for access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.(d) Pakistan will facilitate and protect the installation of gas pipeline between Iraq and India.