The Abraham Accord recently signed between Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, and mediated by the USA, is making headlines as the first Arab-Israeli peace deal in 26 years. This article will delve into the key points of the accord, its historical context, and significance for the nations involved as well as their global partners.
Unpacking the Abraham Accord
This agreement marks a milestone as only the third peace deal between Israel and the Arab States in over two and a half decades. Previous agreements were signed with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994.
Under this accord, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain will establish embassies and exchange ambassadors with Israel. They will also collaborate across various sectors, such as tourism, trade, healthcare and security. A major facet of the Abraham Accords is it permits Muslims globally to visit historic sites in Israel and to pray peacefully at Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islam’s third holiest site, in Jerusalem.
Motivations behind the Accord
One of the shared interests galvanizing Israel, UAE and Bahrain is their concern about Iran’s escalating influence in the region and its developments in ballistic missile technology. Since gaining independence in 1948, Israel has been engaged in several conflicts with neighbouring Arab countries.
Significance of the Agreement
The Abraham Accord signifies a gradual departure by Arab countries from focusing on the Palestine question. It will forge full diplomatic ties between Israel, UAE, and Bahrain, which can bring notable benefits to the region. The accord could also help improve UAE’s image in the US, which has been marred due to its involvement in the Yemen war.
In the context of US politics, with the approach of the presidential election, the accord may garner support from pro-Israel Christian evangelical voters, a crucial part of the incumbent President’s supporter base.
Potential for More Similar Deals
Other Gulf States in the region, such as Oman and one of the largest Gulf Arab powers, Saudi Arabia, could potentially sign similar agreements with Israel.
Voices of Concern
The Palestinians have not embraced the USA’s vision. According to surveys, 86% of Palestinians believe that the normalization agreement with the UAE only serves Israel’s interests and not their own. There is a concern that this agreement might lead to further neglect of Palestinian issues.
India’s Stake in West Asia
From geopolitical, energy, and diaspora aspects, West Asia holds significant importance for India. The region is strategically critical due to its gargantuan energy resources and key trade links to various parts of the world. It is a prime oil-producing region accounting for a major chunk of global production, exports, and proven reserves.
Moreover, a substantial portion of Indian expatriates work in this region, and remittances from them constitute a significant part of total remittances to India.
Opportunities for India
This new development presents an opportunity for India to play a larger role in this significant region. India should seek to strengthen defence and security relations with UAE, given Israel is already a close defence partner.
India can also leverage its economy for a bigger opening in this region and ensure that any future regional security framework includes Iran, considering its potential disruptive power.
The Way Forward
A balance between Shia and Sunni, Persian and Arab, is crucial for creating lasting peace. While the US has played a dominant role in the Middle East, Russia and more recently, China, have also carved out a space for themselves. Thus, India should seize this opportunity to assert its influence before the Chinese sphere of influence consolidates further in this region.
