The African Union (AU) is a continental organization comprising 55 member states, with all countries of the African continent represented. Established in 2002, it replaced the Organization of African Unity, which was founded in 1963 to foster cooperation among African nations. One key objective of the AU is to facilitate economic integration across the continent, aiding in the minimization of reliance on Western economies through the promotion of intra-African trade.
Achievements of the African Union in Two Decades
The major milestone reached by the AU is the creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCTA) in 2018. The AfCFTA aims at creating a unified continental market for goods and services, leading to increased investment, job creation, improved social welfare, and industrialization in Africa. The continental body has also made strides in strengthening diplomatic relations by establishing a permanent mission in Beijing, China, Africa’s largest trading partner. Besides, the AU has championed women’s financial and economic inclusion through a 10-year continental declaration.
Challenges Facing the African Union
Despite significant progress made, the AU is grappling with several challenges. Unconstitutional power grabs are gaining momentum, with at least 32 coups and coup attempts recorded since 2013. An increasing number of democratically elected governments are beginning to crack down on civil society organizations, undermining accountability and infringing on media freedom. Moreover, Africa remains excluded from permanent representation in the UN Security Council, despite a large part of the council’s agenda being focused on the continent.
India-Africa Relations
India and Africa have fostered robust relations characterized by multidimensional cooperation in areas such as education, health, and skill development. Shared interests in international issues, peacekeeping, counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, and energy security have further solidified these relations. Additionally, India is a significant trading partner for Africa with bilateral trade reaching USD 63.3 billion in 2018-19. Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, India has extended its support to Africa through the sharing of management strategies, training healthcare professionals, and the provision of essential medicines.
Recent Developments in India-Africa Relations
The year 2022 saw India’s first high-level visit to Africa, which resulted in several key developments. These include the announcement of Phase-II upgradation of the Entrepreneurship Development and Technology Centre (CEDT) in Dakar and the offering of a Special ITEC English proficiency course for Senegalese public servants. Furthermore, three MOUs on cooperation in Youth Affairs, Cultural Exchange Programme, and a Visa waiver Agreement for diplomats/officials were signed.
Potential Opportunities in India-Africa Relations
Enhanced cooperation between India and Africa can offer a plethora of opportunities, including bolstering food security. Since Africa possesses substantial arable land yet contributes minimally to global agri-output, India’s expertise in agriculture can be instrumental in elevating the sector. Another area of opportunity includes combating neo-colonialism perpetuated by Chinese investment, which is often viewed as exploitative. Instead, India’s approach focuses on capacity building and equal partnership, fostering healthier relations. Also, as global interest in Africa surges, India and Africa can collaborate to prevent the continent from becoming a battleground for rival ambitions.
A Path Forward for the African Union
In dealing with the challenges ahead, the AU should decisively address instances where member states undermine the rule of law. Maintaining the rule of law is vital for economic growth, poverty eradication, and sustainable development. Further, the AU must tackle issues such as corruption, misrule, and insecurity, which often provide a pretext for military coups. Lastly, rather than suppressing civil society, African leaders should harness natural resources to boost their economies and empower citizens, consequently enhancing Africa’s standing as a global actor.
