The National Capital Region (NCR) is currently facing a severe air quality crisis, with pollution levels reaching alarming heights. Recent reports indicate that cities like Noida, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad have recorded Air Quality Index (AQI) levels well into the ‘very poor’ category. Factors contributing to this crisis include stubble burning across the border in Pakistan, unfavourable meteorological conditions, and local emissions. As health concerns rise and residents express frustration, the need for effective solutions has never been more pressing.
About Air Quality Index (AQI)
The Air Quality Index is a tool used to communicate how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. It categorises air quality levels into different bands, ranging from ‘Good’ to ‘Severe’. An AQI above 300 is classified as ‘Very Poor’, indicating health risks for the general population. Interestingly, the AQI scale varies globally; for instance, the United States uses a different set of pollutants to calculate its AQI compared to India.
Causes of Air Pollution in NCR
One of the primary contributors to the air pollution crisis in the NCR is stubble burning, particularly in states like Punjab and Haryana. Farmers often resort to this practice as a quick method to clear fields after harvest. This results in the release of harmful particulate matter and gases, deteriorating air quality. Moreover, vehicular emissions, industrial discharges, and construction dust further exacerbate the situation. According to the Central Pollution Control Board, around 40% of Delhi’s pollution is attributed to vehicular emissions alone.
Health Implications of Poor Air Quality
The health impacts of poor air quality are alarming. Exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are particularly at risk. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to polluted air can reduce life expectancy by several years. Furthermore, the psychological impacts of living in a polluted environment can lead to increased anxiety and stress among residents.
Government Initiatives and Challenges
In response to the worsening air quality, the Delhi government has implemented various measures, including a ban on firecrackers and enhanced road cleaning efforts. The Centre’s Clean Air Programme aims to reduce particulate pollution by 40% by 2026. However, critics argue that these measures are insufficient and often lack effective enforcement. Political blame games further complicate the situation, with different parties accusing each other of negligence and failing to address the root causes of pollution.
Innovative Solutions and Public Involvement
There is a growing call for innovative solutions to combat air pollution. Residents and students are advocating for the use of technology and engineering solutions to tackle this persistent issue. Suggestions include the development of biofuel plants to convert crop waste into energy and the promotion of sustainable farming practices. Public involvement is crucial; community initiatives aimed at reducing vehicle usage and promoting public transport can contribute to cleaner air.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the impact of stubble burning on air quality and public health in India.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of current government measures to combat air pollution in the NCR.
- What role does the Air Quality Index play in public awareness and health policy?
- Examine the socio-economic implications of air pollution on vulnerable communities.
- Suggest innovative solutions that could be implemented to improve air quality in urban areas.
