Assam government recently released a preliminary notification indicating plans to increase the size of Orang National Park more than threefold. The move aims to enhance the conservation efforts for the Gharial, a rare type of Asian crocodilian species.
Gharials: An Overview
Gharials, also known as gavials, are a distinctive group of Asian crocodilians characterized by their long, lean snouts. They are part of the larger crocodilian family that comprises alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and others. Three species of Crocodilians inhabit India:
– Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List
– Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN
– Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), designated as Least Concern by the IUCN
These three species are declared on Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) and Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. However, the Saltwater crocodile populations in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea are included in Appendix II of CITES.
Habitat of Gharials
Gharials primarily inhabit the freshwaters of northern India. Their primary residence is the Chambal river, a tributary of the Yamuna. They are also found in the Ghagra, Gandak river, Girwa river in Uttar Pradesh, the Ramganga river in Uttarakhand, and the Sone river in Bihar. The populations of Gharials serve as a reliable indicator of clean river water.
Conservation Efforts
Several initiatives have been undertaken to protect and ensure the survival of the Gharials. Notably, the Kukrail Gharial Rehabilitation Centre in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and the National Chambal Sanctuary (Gharial Eco Park) in Madhya Pradesh.
Threats to Gharial Survival
Nonetheless, the Gharial population faces significant threats from increased river pollution, extensive fishing operations, dam construction, and floods. Illegal sand mining and poaching also pose substantial threats to their survival.
About Orang National Park
Orang National Park, also known as Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, lies on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River straddling the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam. The park, which was established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1985 and declared a National Park in 1999, spans an area of 78.81 square kilometers. Its recognition as the country’s 49th Tiger Reserve came in 2016. Renowned as the mini Kaziranga National Park, Orang has a similar terrain to Kaziranga, comprising marshes, streams, and grasslands. It serves as the sole stronghold of rhinoceros on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river.
Other Protected Areas in Assam
Assam boasts several other protected areas dedicated to preserving its rich biodiversity. These include Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Manas National Park, Nameri National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Dehing Patkai and Raimona National Parks, and Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary.
