The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), often referred to as the Censor Board, is an essential regulatory body in the Indian film industry. Its primary role is to evaluate and certify films before they are released to the public, ensuring that the content adheres to established guidelines and regulations. The CBFC operates within the framework of the Cinematograph Act of 1952, which mandates that no film can be publicly screened in India without first obtaining a certificate from the board. This certification process is crucial for filmmakers who wish to showcase their work in Indian cinemas or on television.
Role and Functioning of the CBFC
The CBFC’s main function is to categorize films into different rating categories based on their content. These ratings determine the suitability of the material for various audiences and include U (Unrestricted Public Exhibition), UA (Parental Guidance for children under 12), A (Restricted to adults), and S (Restricted to specialized audiences such as doctors or scientists). The board assesses various aspects of a film, including violence, sexuality, substance abuse, and language, to ensure they align with India’s diverse cultural and social values.
The certification process involves a committee of board members who watch the submitted film and suggest edits or changes if necessary. Filmmakers may be required to cut or modify scenes to comply with the guidelines set by the CBFC before receiving certification. Once a film has been approved, it can be legally exhibited across the country.
The Draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021
The Indian government has recently introduced the draft Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which seeks to amend the existing Cinematograph Act. One of the significant changes proposed in this amendment is the reinstatement of the government’s revisionary powers over the CBFC’s decisions. If passed, this amendment would grant the central government the authority to re-examine films that have already received certification from the board.
This proposal has sparked controversy as it appears to contradict a previous Supreme Court ruling. The apex court had previously struck down the government’s revisional powers, indicating that once the CBFC certifies a film, the government should not have the authority to call it into question. Critics of the amendment argue that it could lead to increased censorship and curtail the freedom of expression in filmmaking. The government, on the other hand, justifies the amendment as a means to maintain social order and protect the integrity of Indian culture and morality.
Public Consultation on the Amendment
In an effort to foster transparency and democratic governance, the Central Government has opened the floor for public comments on the draft bill. This move allows stakeholders, including filmmakers, industry experts, and the general public, to voice their opinions and concerns regarding the proposed changes. The feedback received during this consultation period is expected to play a crucial role in shaping the final version of the amendment.
The government’s invitation for public commentary is a critical step in the legislative process, providing an opportunity for a collective discussion on the balance between creative freedom and regulatory oversight in the film industry. The outcome of this consultation will likely influence the future direction of film certification and censorship in India.
Implications of the Amendment
The potential reinstatement of the government’s revisionary powers through the Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2021, carries significant implications for filmmakers and the broader Indian film industry. Should the amendment be enacted, it may result in a more stringent censorship regime, potentially affecting the type of content that creators can produce and share with audiences.
The debate surrounding the amendment highlights the ongoing tension between the desire to preserve cultural values and the need to uphold artistic freedom. The CBFC’s role as a gatekeeper of film content is an important one, but the prospect of increased governmental control raises questions about the future of cinematic expression in the world’s largest democracy. The film fraternity, civil society, and legal experts will be watching closely as the bill progresses through the legislative process.
