The recent discussions between China and Nepal have attracted global attention. The dialogue focused on several bilateral interests, from enhancing military cooperation to the revival of training and student exchange programs hit by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Exploring the Historical Background
In 1955, Nepal initiated diplomatic relations with China, recognizing Tibet as part of China in the following year. These nations signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1960. However, India was not keen on supporting King Birendra of Nepal’s proposal in the 1970s to declare Nepal as a peace zone between India and China, creating a rift in India-Nepal ties.
China’s Stepping Stone: Post-2015 Scenario
In 2015, Indo-Nepalese relations experienced turbulence when India imposed an informal blockade on Nepal, triggering acute shortages of fuel and medicine. As tensions with India escalated, China reopened its border with Nepal through Tibet, extending its support and aid to its neighbor.
China’s Strategic Interest in Nepal
China is interested in taking over India’s position as Nepal’s largest trading partner, despite the open border and free mobility of people between Nepal and India. China’s key strategic objectives are maintaining balance of power in Southern Asia and securing Nepal’s active cooperation to prevent anti-Chinese activities.
Nepal’s Perspective and Benefits
China serves as a lifeline for Nepal, aiding its economic recovery by supplying goods and assistance. With half of Nepal’s population unemployed and over 30% living in poverty, Nepal stands to gain significantly by increasing its connectivity and collaboration with China.
India’s Stance and Concerns
As a buffer state for India, Nepal coming under China’s sphere of influence is viewed with concern by India. Coupled with China’s potential to exploit its ‘security diplomacy’ and interfere in Nepal’s internal affairs, the situation becomes even more complex. Furthermore, China’s economic influence poses a challenge to India’s control over the region.
Future Implications and The Way Forward
India has voiced concerns over every Chinese investment due to the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) but it should rather focus on the opportunities for growth and development that it presents. Both India and China should leverage this corridor to promote tourism and people-to-people contact, fostering trust and collaboration. In addition, India should work towards maintaining stable and friendly relations with Nepal given its strategic importance.
Conclusion
The recent China-Nepal dialogue highlights the dynamic and complex geopolitics of the region. As these nations navigate through their relationships, they need to strike a balance between safeguarding their interests and fostering regional cooperation. It will be crucial for India to adopt a constructive approach in dealing with these developments.