The recent report from China detailing the first case of human infection by the Monkey B virus (BV) presents a new health risk that requires attention. The Monkey B virus is an endemic alphaherpesvirus, originally isolated in 1932, that occurs naturally in macaques. Known for their ability to establish lifelong infections in the peripheral nervous system of humans and several other vertebrates, alphaherpesviruses pose significant threat to human health. Commonly known as herpes B, herpesvirus simiae, or herpesvirus B, the virus has a marked survival rate on surfaces, particularly when moist.
About Monkey B Virus
The Monkey B virus, also known as herpes B, herpesvirus simiae, or herpesvirus B, is part of the alphaherpesvirus family. First isolated in 1932, this virus primarily affects macaques but can cause severe, often fatal, illness in humans. Alphaherpesviruses are pathogens or neuroinvasive viruses that have the ability to establish lifelong presences within the peripheral nervous systems of humans and many other vertebrates.
Virus Transmission
Monkey B virus transmission to humans typically occurs through direct contact or exchange of bodily fluids with monkeys. The virus is believed to have a high fatality rate, with 70% to 80% of documented cases resulting in death. However, information on the exact viral load required for transmission remains unclear. The virus’s ability to survive for hours on surfaces, especially when moist, increases its transmission potential.
Human-to-Human Transmission
Although primarily transmitted through monkey to human contact, there has been one reported case of human-to-human transmission of the Monkey B virus. This rare case demonstrates the potential for the virus to spread within the human population, though it currently seems to be an outlier.
Symptoms of Monkey B Virus Infection
Those infected with the Monkey B virus often experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, and headaches. These initial symptoms may be followed by the development of small blisters near the site of contact with the infected monkey. As the infection progresses, patients may experience more serious neurological symptoms, including impaired muscle coordination and damage to the nervous system.
Treatment Options
At present, there are no available vaccines for the prevention of Monkey B Virus infection. However, immediate post-exposure treatment with antiviral drugs may reduce the risk of severe disease or death. It is crucial to seek medical attention immediately if someone suspects they have been exposed to the Monkey B virus. Prompt diagnosis and administration of antiviral medications can significantly improve the prognosis and mitigate the risk to life.
While the Monkey B virus primarily affects macaques, it’s potential for transmission to humans, particularly in regions where the monkeys are endemic, warrants continued surveillance and research. Despite the current absence of a preventative vaccine, early detection and treatment with antiviral medications can help manage any potential outbreaks.
