Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in 2024

climate change has emerged as a critical issue, leading to extreme weather events that have resulted in loss of life and displacement. According to a report by World Weather Attribution and Climate Central, over 3,700 lives were lost due to these events, which also displaced millions globally. The report marks the urgent need for countries to shift away from fossil fuels and enhance their preparedness for future extreme weather occurrences.

Impact of Climate Change on Weather Events

Human-induced climate change has intensified weather events in 2024. Of the 29 events studied, 26 were exacerbated by climate change. Record floods, hurricanes, and droughts became more frequent and severe. The analysis indicates that climate change has made extreme weather events like hurricanes and heavy rainfall much more likely, threatening lives and livelihoods worldwide.

Notable Extreme Weather Events

Several weather events were documented. In India, extreme rainfall caused severe flooding in Kerala. In Africa, devastating floods in Sudan, Nigeria, and Cameroon resulted in over 2,000 fatalities. Hurricane Helene struck the United States, becoming the second-deadliest hurricane on the mainland, claiming 230 lives. These events tell the far-reaching impacts of climate change across different regions.

Dangerous Heat Days

The report revealed an alarming increase in dangerous heat days. Recently, there were an average of 41 additional days of extreme heat globally. These days are defined as temperatures in the top 10% of historical records. Such heat poses health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations. Without immediate action, the frequency of these dangerous heat days is expected to rise, exacerbating public health challenges.

Call for Action and Resolutions

The report outlines four key resolutions for 2025. First, there is a need for a faster transition to renewable energy sources. Second, improved early-warning systems must be established to alert communities about extreme weather. Third, real-time reporting of heat-related deaths is essential. Finally, international financial support is crucial for developing nations to adapt to climate change impacts. The report emphasises that the technology to replace fossil fuels is available and urges immediate action.

Global Cooperation and Future Outlook

As 2024 approaches record temperatures, the report calls for urgent global cooperation. Countries must work together to address the climate crisis and implement solutions to prevent further devastation. The recommendations highlight the importance of commitment from both developed and developing nations to combat the effects of climate change effectively.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the role of renewable energy in mitigating climate change impacts.
2. Discuss the relationship between extreme weather events and human health in the context of climate change.
3. What are the main causes of flooding in urban areas? Discuss with suitable examples.
4. Critically discuss the responsibilities of developed nations in providing climate finance to developing countries.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the role of renewable energy in mitigating climate change impacts.

1. Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Transitioning to renewables can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are major contributors to climate change.
3. Investing in renewable technologies can create jobs and stimulate economic growth.
4. Renewables enhance energy security by diversifying energy supply and reducing vulnerability to price fluctuations.
5. Many countries have set ambitious renewable energy targets, showcasing global commitment to climate action.

2. Discuss the relationship between extreme weather events and human health in the context of climate change.

1. Extreme weather events lead to direct health impacts, such as injuries and fatalities from storms and floods.
2. Increased heat days contribute to heat-related illnesses, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.
3. Displacement from extreme weather can result in mental health issues and reduced access to healthcare.
4. Extreme events can disrupt food and water supply chains, leading to malnutrition and waterborne diseases.
5. Climate change exacerbates air quality issues, increasing respiratory diseases during heat waves.

3. What are the main causes of flooding in urban areas? Discuss with suitable examples.

1. Urbanization increases impermeable surfaces, leading to higher runoff and reduced natural drainage.
2. Poor urban planning can result in inadequate drainage systems, unable to handle heavy rainfall.
3. Climate change intensifies rainfall patterns, causing more frequent and severe flooding events.
4. Examples include the 2015 Chennai floods, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and inadequate drainage.
5. Flooding can also be influenced by river management practices, such as dam operations and land use upstream.

4. Critically discuss the responsibilities of developed nations in providing climate finance to developing countries.

1. Developed nations historically contributed most to greenhouse gas emissions and have a moral obligation to assist developing countries.
2. Climate finance is essential for developing nations to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies effectively.
3. Financial support can help vulnerable countries build resilience against climate impacts, such as extreme weather.
4. International agreements, like the Paris Accord, emphasize the necessity for developed nations to meet climate finance commitments.
5. Failure to provide adequate climate finance can exacerbate inequalities and hinder global efforts to combat climate change.