The impact of climate change on India’s grain production, primarily the yield of rice crops during extreme weather conditions, is a significant concern according to recent studies. Researchers from Columbia University in the US examined the influence of climate on five major crops in India: finger millet, maize, pearl millet, sorghum, and rice, which are necessary for India’s nutritional needs. Throughout the monsoon season between June and September, these crops make up the majority of grain production, with rice contributing three-quarters of the supply. Recent reports have shown that global agriculture is already feeling the effects of climate change, leading to an increase in global hunger.
Resilience of Different Grain Crops
Rice yields experience larger declines during extreme weather conditions, making India’s food supply potentially susceptible to the effects of varying climate due to increased dependency on this crop. However, the study found that grains such as millet, sorghum, and maize are more resistant to extreme weather.
Potential Solutions: Diversifying Crop Production
A possible solution could be expanding the area planted with alternative grains like finger millet, maize, pearl millet, sorghum, reducing variations in Indian grain production caused by extreme climate. The study highlights that diversifying the crops a country grows can be an effective way to adapt its food-production systems to the growing influence of climate change.
Beyond Just Food Production
Adapting food production systems offers additional benefits beyond ensuring food security. It can contribute to improved nutrition, water conservation, reduced energy demand, and lower greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
| Crop | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Millet | Nutritious, drought-resistant |
| Sorghum | Adaptable to various climates, rich in vitamins |
| Maize | Rich in fiber and antioxidants, high yield |
Rising Awareness About Alternative Grains
The concept of “Smart Food” which encompasses these alternative grains has been growing. In recognition of this, India declared 2018 as the national year of millets. Moreover, India’s proposal to observe an International Year of Millets in 2023 received approval from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
Scientific Research Supporting Diversification
Organizations like ICRISAT are conducting research on six highly nutritious drought-tolerant crops and recently discovered important factors for heat and drought tolerance in chickpea. Discoveries such as these are instrumental in supporting the diversification of crop production to adapt to climate change effects.
