The recent archaeological excavation at Purana Qila (Old Fort), conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), has uncovered artefacts and evidence suggesting a continuous history of over 2,500 years. The diverse findings from distinct historical periods offer crucial insights into the timeline of the site and its place in history. Plans to display these findings in an open-air site museum have been put forward.
The Excavations and Findings
The ASI’s excavations have brought to light nine cultural levels including Pre-Mauryan, Mauryan, Sunga, Kushana, Gupta, Post Gupta, Rajput, Sultanate, and Mughal. Among the remarkable findings were shards of painted grey ware pottery, dating back to between 1200 BC and 600 BC, offering valuable evidence of pre-Mauryan human settlements.
The discoveries also included a 900-year-old sculpture of Vaikuntha Vishnu from the Rajput period, a terracotta plaque of the goddess Gaja Lakshmi from the Gupta era and the remains of a well from the Mauryan period, believed to be around 2,500 years old.
A well-defined four-room complex was unearthed, traced back to the Sunga-Kushan period, which is around 2,300 years ago.
Additional significant finds include more than 136 coins, 35 seals and sealings, and other copper artifacts. These suggest that the site held importance as a centre for commercial activities.
About Purana Qila
Purana Qila is a fort that dates back to the Mughal era and is recognised as the ancient settlement of Indraprastha, which was once the capital of the Pandavas.
The colossal gateway and walls of Purana Qila were constructed by Humayun in the 16th century during the establishment of the new capital, Dinpanah. The fortification works were later continued by Sher Shah Suri after he overthrew Humayun.
Notable structures within the fort include the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque built by Sher Shah Suri, Sher Mandal (a tower associated traditionally with Humayun’s demise), a stepwell, and the remains of an extensive rampart, which features three gates.
The architecture of Purana Qila showcases unique elements of Indo-Islamic design, such as horseshoe-shaped arches, bracketed openings, intricate marble inlays, and detailed carvings. An inscription in the mosque proclaims, “As long as there are people on this earth, may this edifice be frequented, and people will be happy in it.”