A recent surge in the adoption of the direct-seeding method by farmers in key rice-growing states has been observed and is garnering attention. Traditionally dependent on rainfall patterns and an ample workforce, these farmers are now turning to this water-efficient technique due to changes in rain patterns and labor shortages.
Understanding the Direct-Seeding Method
The direct-seeding method, or Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) as it’s often referred to, differs from traditional rice planting methods. Known as the ‘broadcasting seed technique,’ DSR comprises directly drilling seeds into the fields, doing away with the need for nursery preparation and transplantation.
Benefits of Direct-Seeding Method
DSR comes with a host of advantages. First, it drastically cuts down on labor needs. With the help of drum seeders, it takes just two workers to sow seeds on an acre of land, as opposed to the 25-30 required by conventional methods. This not only brings down labor costs significantly but also lessens the load on farmers.
Moreover, done away with is the need for nursery cultivation, offering farmers approximately 30 additional days in the crop cycle. As a result, they can commence the rabi season earlier and avoid untimely rains during the harvest phase.
Water usage too is reduced by about 15% in the direct-seeding method because waterlogging only happens a month later. This is particularly useful in regions where rainfall is delayed.
Finally, DSR also leads to an increase in yield. Research trials and farmers’ field surveys have shown that the yield is one to two quintals per acre higher than puddled transplanted rice.
Challenges Associated with Direct-Seeding Method
However, the direct-seeding method has its hurdles. Since seeds are sown straight into the fields, weeding can become a problem. A harsh climate, characterized by high temperatures and insufficient rainfall, can hamper seed germination and crop growth. Operational challenges such as closed canals, inconsistent electricity supply, and difficulties in weed and pest management also exist.
Successful Implementations of Direct-Seeding Method
Despite the challenges, DSR has gained considerable traction in regions like Punjab, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. Particularly noteworthy is its implementation by an NGO in Andhra Pradesh across an estimated 4,000 hectares, resulting in significant cost savings.
Insights from UPSC Civil Services Examination
A previous year question from the UPSC Civil Services Examination related to the advantages of zero tillage in agriculture provides additional perspective. Zero Tillage, similar to DSR, involves direct seeding of wheat into unploughed soil with rice residues left behind. It offers benefits such as water, labor and agrochemical savings, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved soil health, and increased crop yield. Hence it offers advantages for both the farmers and society. Furthermore, no-tilled soils tend to be cooler due to a surface layer of plant residues and have a higher carbon sequestration capacity enhancing soil quality and reducing global warming.