A recent study has revealed that the Indian Flying Fox bat, the largest bat species in India, spends 7% of its roosting time engaging in environmental surveillance. This native nectar and fruit-eating bat (Pteropus giganteus) is notable for its fox-like appearance, with reddish-brown fur, a long snout, and large eyes. Despite sometimes being seen as pests due to orchard raids, they play a crucial role as keystone species by dispersing seeds of various plants in tropical ecosystems. These highly social creatures form large roosts, exhibiting a male-dominated hierarchy system. Found across South Central Asia, they maintain a frugivorous diet supplemented with insects and flowers. Although exposed to predators and environmental factors, their conservation status is currently least concern.
Prelims pointer
- Pteropus giganteus (Indian Flying Fox): The largest bat species in India and South Central Asia, recognized for its fox-like appearance, important role in seed dispersal, and frugivorous diet.
- Keystone Species: An organism that plays a disproportionately large role in an ecosystem, affecting other species and its overall health. Indian Flying Fox bats serve as keystone species by dispersing seeds, contributing to forest regeneration.
- Nectar and Fruit-Eating Bats: Bats that predominantly consume nectar, fruits, and flowers, making them essential for pollination and seed dispersal in various plant species.
- Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972: A significant Indian legislation aimed at protecting wildlife and their habitats, listing species under various schedules to regulate conservation efforts.
- Male-Dominated Hierarchy: A social structure where higher-ranking individuals, typically males, occupy superior positions within a group, leading to distinct spatial arrangements and interactions within roosts of Indian Flying Fox bats.
