The Assam Forest Division has recently initiated a comprehensive genetic analysis of rhino horn samples collected from over 2,500 horns. These horns were mostly destroyed in 2021 as part of conservation efforts. The analysis is carried out by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in Dehradun under the RhoDIS India programme. This step marks move in scientific wildlife management and anti-poaching strategies.
Background and Recent Developments
In September 2021, Assam destroyed 2,479 rhino horns to deter poaching and illegal trade. Before destruction, small samples were collected for scientific study. Between July 3 and 8, 2025, a specialised team verified and repackaged these samples at Kaziranga National Park. The samples are now being sent to WII’s genetics laboratory for DNA profiling.
RhoDIS India Programme
RhoDIS (Rhino DNA Index System) India began in 2016. It is a collaboration between the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, rhino-bearing states, WII, and WWF-India. The programme aims to create a DNA database of rhinos to aid crime investigation and species management. The genetic profiles help track individual rhinos and understand population genetics.
Sample Verification and Handling
The verification process involved checking 2,623 horns stored in Assam’s treasuries. Horns with legal or unique status were excluded from destruction. A committee comprising forest officials, wildlife experts, scientists, NGO representatives, and independent observers supervised the process. The entire repackaging was recorded to ensure transparency and accuracy.
Scientific Objectives of Genetic Analysis
The DNA analysis focuses on short tandem repeat (STR) allele frequencies to detect genetic changes over time. This helps assess breeding patterns, genetic diversity, and habitat health. The data will enhance rhino conservation strategies by providing vital information about population structure and genetic health.
Role of Assam Forest Division and Stakeholders
The Assam Forest Division played a key role in sample collection and horn destruction. The State’s Chief Wildlife Warden authorised the initiative. Collaboration among government bodies, scientific institutions, and NGOs ensures a multi-disciplinary approach to rhino conservation. Independent observers maintain transparency.
Impact on Rhino Conservation and Crime Control
The genetic data supports forensic investigations against poachers by linking seized horns to specific animals. It also informs habitat management and breeding programmes. This integration of genetics into wildlife law enforcement and conservation marks a modern approach to protecting endangered species.
Future Prospects
The ongoing genetic studies will continue to update the RhoDIS database. This will improve monitoring of Assam’s rhino population and help detect illegal activities more effectively. The success of this programme may serve as a model for other wildlife conservation efforts across India.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the importance of genetic tools in wildlife conservation and how they aid in combating poaching in India.
- Critically analyse the role of inter-agency collaboration in managing endangered species with suitable examples from Indian wildlife conservation.
- Estimate the impact of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity of large mammals and suggest mitigation strategies.
- Underline the changes in wildlife crime investigation techniques over the last two decades in India and discuss their effectiveness.
