The Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) for 2019, recently launched by the international environmental think tank ‘Germanwatch’, provides a comprehensive analysis of the extent to which various world regions and countries have been impacted by weather-related loss incidents such as storms, floods, and heat waves.
Main Findings from the Index
The report has identified Japan, Philippines, and Germany as the worst-hit countries in 2018. However, in a longer-term index ranging from 1999 to 2018, Puerto Rico, Myanmar, and Haiti have suffered the most.
During these two decades, an estimated 5 lakh people worldwide lost their lives directly because of over 12,000 extreme weather events. In financial terms, these losses equate to approximately US$ 3.54 trillion (in purchasing power parities).
The Disproportionate Impact on Poor Countries
The Germanwatch report reveals that poorer countries often bear a disproportional burden of climate impacts. Out of the ten most affected countries and territories in 1999-2018, seven were developing countries—classified as low-income or lower-middle-income countries. Only one was a high-income advanced economy (Puerto Rico), and two were categorized as upper-middle-income countries (Thailand and Dominica).
The Climate Change-Heatwave Link
2018 saw heatwaves causing significant damage, particularly in Germany, Japan, and India, which endured extended periods of scorching weather. The report highlights that extreme heat spells across Europe are now up to 100 times more likely than in the last century. While the data about African countries’ experiences with heatwaves appears underrepresented due to data scarcity, it’s thought they may be disproportionately impacted.
India’s Situation in 2019
India, dealing with water shortages, crop failures, and severe flooding, ranked 5th in the list. This is a significant drop from its 14th position in 2017. Furthermore, India recorded the highest number of deaths due to climate change and the second-most significant financial losses from its impact in 2018.
Key Facts
| Country | Worst Affected in 2018 | Most Affected (1999-2018) | Financial Loss(1999-2018) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | Yes | No | $3.54 Trillion |
| Philippines | Yes | No | $3.54 Trillion |
| Germany | Yes | No | $3.54 Trillion |
Suggestions for Addressing Climate Change
Germanwatch suggests that the 2019 Climate Summit in Madrid focus on the urgent need for additional climate finance, enabling the poorest people and countries to address their loss and damage effectively given their vulnerability and lower coping capacity. The summit should also strengthen the implementation of adaptative measures for climate change.
About Germanwatch
Germanwatch, an independent development, and environmental organization rooted in Bonn and Berlin advocates for sustainable global development. It works tirelessly to provide data and insights that help to alleviate the detrimental effects of climate change and boost sustainable practices.
